The paper aims at implementing a comparative study of three migratory aboriginal villages —Bai-shuei-ci(白水溪Peh-tsui-khe台語) andYan-Cian (岩前Gian-cheng台語) of Droko villages, and Liu-Chong-Ci (六重溪)of Tevorangh tribe--- along the upper and middle Jishui River during the period of 1875 ~ 1945, i.e., from the late Qing Dynasty to the Japanese occupation. It explores the social change of these Pingpu villages from the perspective of demographic structure and industrial economy. By analyzing their activities of religious belief and marriage network we would understand and outline the regional characteristic of Pingpu settlements.
The data search and survey mainly based on the census records and household survey collected by Household Registration Office of Pei-ho during Japanese colonial rule, Adults and Children Name Books retained by Yan-Cian Church and some related official documents, newspapers and magazines of Japanese colonial government. However, there is no transcripts remains on Pingpu Group. The data are also constructed by real field work to facilitate to reflect some regional cultural appearances of Pingpu Group during the period of 1875 ~ 1945.
By this study, there gradually showed some differences in religious belief among three migratory aboriginal villages since they were migrated and settled down in the end of nineteen century. Bai-Shuei-Ci village and Yan-Cian village transformed their belief from traditional ancestral spirits worshiping and folk customs beliefs into the western church, Liu-Chong-Ci village still kept their traditional worshiping and Chinese temple gods beliefs. In industrial economy aspect, they converted their traditional half hunting and half farming living style into full farming economic pattern diversely, rice farming at Bai-Shuei-Ci, sugarcane planting at Yan-Cian , fruit / vegetable cropping and forestry operations at Liu-Chong-Ci. Therefore, the Japanese colonial government invested on different kinds of transportation network construction for each of them depending on their respectively unique farming pattern. Liu-Chong-Ci became more prosperous due to light rail and auto road were built to connected with administrative center —Bai-He. There were only official roads were constructed at Yan-Cian , and in its periphery with auto roads and sugarcane-conveyed rail bound to Guan-zai-Ling and Bai-He which made Yan-Cian settlement was a crucial path to Zho mountainous tribe. Bai-Shuei-Ci , most of original roads were retained, there didn’t get much construction investment from colonial government, was reduced to a small under-developed settlement after The War.
The paper finally tries to explain their marriage network transactions. The three Pingpu villages suffered population exodus results from their marriage with Han tribe.
In particular, Bai-Shuei-Ci evolved into a Pingpu-Han hybrid settlement through marriage with inner village’s Han people. It reveals that all the residents of Bai-Shuei-Ci were related by marriage. Pingpu tribe was more dominant at Yan-Cian . Liu- Chong-Ci is segregated geographically, the Pingpu people were largely settled at Liu- Chong-Ci, San-Chong-Ci(三重溪), Kan-Sia(崁下), Bin- Lang- Jiao(檳榔腳), the other areas belonged to Han tribe.