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題名:不同書寫練習對實習諮商師個案概念化、情緒感受及實習現況滿意度之差異比較
作者:余景文
校院名稱:高雄師範大學
系所名稱:輔導與諮商研究所
指導教授:卓紋君 博士
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2015
主題關鍵詞:心理位移書寫實習諮商師個案概念化情緒感受實習現況滿意度psychological displacement paradigm in diary-writingcounseling interncase conceptualizationfeeling of emotioninternship status
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  • 點閱點閱:60
中文摘要
本研究旨在探討不同書寫練習對實習諮商師個案概念化、情緒感受及實習現況滿意度的影響。研究採準實驗設計法,以隨機化前測後測控制組設計進行,研究對象為58位現正全職或兼職實習的諮商師。實驗組37位依金樹人(2005)的心理位移書寫,控制組21位依研究者設計的一般性書寫,以每週練習一次的方式共進行八次的書寫練習。在書寫練習前後,研究者以播放預先錄製好的諮商模擬影片,並由三位諮商督導依賀孝銘(2001b)編製的個案概念化能力評量表,評量實習諮商師的個案記錄表內容。相關資料以Spss.15.0套裝軟體進行統計分析,研究結果摘述如下:
1.整體而言,進行書寫練習前,全職實習諮商師在「當事人問題的相關因素」的個案概念化能力顯著高於兼職實習諮商師。女性實習諮商師在「當事人的求助原因」的個案概念化能力顯著高於男性實習諮商師。
2.全職實習諮商師在「當事人問題的相關因素」之個案概念化的「正確性」、「精細性」、「多元性」、「聚焦性」等評量指標,顯著的高於兼職實習諮商師。而女性實習諮商師在「當事人的問題」之個案概念化的「正確性」與「精細性」及「當事人的求助原因」之個案概念化的「多元性」與「聚焦性」亦顯著的高於男性實習諮商師。
3.排除前測影響,並選出心理位移書寫主題至少有四次(含)以上與諮商晤談或處理實習事務有關者後,心理位移書寫與一般性書寫在「個人背景屬性因素(性別、年齡、排行等)」、「生理因素」、「整體的心理、社會及職業功能適應狀況之評估」、「當事人在改變過程中可能的阻力」與「預期改變的結果」等五個個案概念化的內容,具有顯著差異。
4.心理位移書寫與一般性書寫練習,對實習諮商師在正向情緒感受的改變並未具有顯著的差異。
5.心理位移書寫與一般性書寫練習前後,及心理位移書寫與一般性書寫練習之間,對實習諮商師負向情緒感受的改變,均未達顯著的差異;若以網路書寫的方式,則呈現出心理位移書寫與一般性書寫練習前後具有顯著的差異;又當書寫內容對情緒較具影響時,心理位移書寫練習前後仍具有顯著差異,即心理位移書寫能顯著降低實習諮商師的負向情緒感受。
6.心理位移書寫與一般性書寫練習前後,及心理位移書寫與一般性書寫練習之間,在實習現況滿意度的改變方面,均未具有顯著的差異。
研究者根據研究結果與討論,提出對實習諮商師、諮商督導、諮商培育機構與未來相關研究的具體建議,以供參考及運用。
關鍵詞:心理位移書寫、實習諮商師、個案概念化、情緒感受、實習現況滿意度
Abstract
This study examined the effect of various writing exercises on counseling interns regarding case conceptualization, feeling of emotions, and their level of satisfaction with the status of their internship. A quasi-experimental design was adopted to test 58 full- and part-time counseling interns by using a randomized pretest–posttest control group design. The subjects were divided into 2 groups and wrote once a week for 8 weeks. The experimental group (n = 37) used the psychological displacement paradigm in diary-writing (PDPD) method proposed by Jin (2005), whereas the control group (n = 21) wrote in a general method. A video of counseling simulation case was played before and after the writing exercise, and 3 counseling supervisors evaluated the case records of the counseling interns to scare their case conceptualization ability. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 15, the results are summarized as follows: (a) Overall, before the writing exercise, the full-time counseling interns demonstrated higher efficacy of case conceptualization regarding “factors related to client problems”, compared with the part-time interns. Female interns demonstrated significantly increased competence than their male counterparts on case conceptualization of “reasons for seeking help”. (b) The full-time counseling interns were significantly better than their part-time counterparts at assessment indicators such as accuracy, elaboration, multidimension, and focus of case conceptualization regarding “factors related to client problems”. Female interns were also significantly more competent than the male interns at “assessment indicators” such as accuracy and elaboration of case conceptualization regarding client problems, and multidimension and focus of case conceptualization regarding “reasons for seeking help”. (c) Excluding the influence of the pretest, after having chosen a PDPD topic for at least 4 occasions followed by counseling sessions or processing of internship-related matters, the scores of the participants employing PDPD and general writing differed significantly in 5 case conceptualization “factors of client background” (e.g., sex, age, and order of birth); physiological factors; assessment of overall adaptability in social, psychological, and occupational function; possible resistance during the change; and outcome of anticipated changes. (d) Scores from using PDPD and general writing did not differ significantly regarding any change in positive emotions among the interns. (e) Scores from using Pre- and post-PDPD and general writing exercises as well as during the PDPD and general writing exercises did not differ significantly regarding any change in negative emotions among the counseling interns. However, when an online form of writing was inconsidered, the scores from using pre-PDPD and general writing exercises and post-PDPD and general writing exercises differed significantly. Furthermore, when the content of the journal affected the emotions of the interns, the scores from using pre-PDPD and post-PDPD exercises differed significantly; thus, PDPD can significantly reduce the negative emotions of counseling interns. (f) Scores from using Pre- and post-PDPD and general writing exercises and during PDPD and general writing exercises do not differ significantly regarding any change in level of satisfaction with the status of the internship. This study addend suggestion as a reference for counseling interns, supervisors, institutes, and researchers.
Keywords: psychological displacement paradigm in diary-writing, counseling intern, case conceptualization, feeling of emotion, internship status
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