參考文獻
壹、中文部份
王麗菱(2001)。國際觀光旅館餐飲外場工作人員應具備專業能力之分析研究（未出版博士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，台北市。
王瑤芬、林美玲(2007)。國際觀光旅館飲務人員專業能力之研究－以調酒員為例。餐旅暨家政學刊，4(3)，269-292。王瑤芬、陳素萍(2010)。國際觀光旅館餐飲部中階主管工作職能之研究。餐旅暨家政學刊，7(4)，299-323。王治群(2014)。職能模式與訓練套件之建構-以觀光旅遊業餐飲服務員為例（未出版碩士論文）。南臺科技大學，台南市。
朱柔若譯(2000)。社會研究方法－質化與量化取向（W. Lawrence Neuman著）。台北：揚智。
行政院經建會(2015)。職業能力再提升方案第二期計畫及重點人才整體培育及運用規劃。取自http://bit.ly/1OBHOCX
何宣萱(2010)。旅館業總經理專業能力之分析研究（未出版博士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，台北市。台灣旅宿網(2015)。臺灣地區觀光旅館家數及房間數統計表。取自http://bit.ly/1QXcWRX
交通部觀光局(2015a)。陸客來台觀光大事紀。取自http://bit.ly/1OgmS8x
交通部觀光局(2015b)。觀光法規。取自http://bit.ly/22u8eAx
交通部觀光局(2015c)。旅館業相關統計。取自http://bit.ly/1lYfwfs
吳明隆(2006)，SPSS統計應用學習實務:問卷分析與應用統計。台北：知城。
吳武忠(2008)。餐飲管理。載於蔡慧儀等合譯。（原作者：Robert Christie Mill）。台北：台灣培生教育。
吳明隆(2010)。結構方程模式：AMOS的操作與應用（二版二刷）。台北：五南。
吳勉勤(2011)。觀光餐旅概論。台北：華立。
吳武忠、杜孟哲、鄒安豪(2013)。轉化專業職能成為工作產出：績效的觀點。餐旅暨觀光，10(1)，27-46。邱皓政(2004)。結構方程模式：LISREL的理論、技術與應用。台北：雙葉。
邱浩政(2011)，當PLS 遇上SEM：議題與對話。αβγ 量化研究學刊，3(1)，20-53。
周明智(2011)。餐飲管理。台北：五南。
胡幼慧(1996)。質性研究－理論、方法及本土女性研究實例。台北：巨流。
胡夢蕾、劉靜宜(2012)。餐旅學生廚藝創新職能表現之差距分析。觀光旅遊研究學刊，7(1)，47-59。林玥秀、林漢明、黃培文、陳秀玉和顧景昇(2011)。餐旅業職能系統之建構結案報告，未出版。
林玥秀、林漢明、黃培文、陳秀玉(2012)。職能辭典。發表於全面啟動開創餐旅產業新高峰「餐旅業職能系統」專題論壇。載於國立高雄餐旅大學，運用職能創新系統提升產業競爭力手冊，未出版。
林芳儀、賴宏昇、王為平(2012)。觀光旅館之餐飲單位主管對餐飲專業能力之認知。輔仁民生學誌，18(1), 123-144。柯文華、蕭靜雅(2008)。廚師專業能力之研究-層級分析法之應用。餐旅暨家政學刊，5(1), 69-91。柯文華(2014)。餐飲研發人員專業職能重要性評估。技術及職業教育學報，5(3)，77-98。
郭春敏(2008)。旅館管理－理論與實務。台北：揚智。
教育部(2015)。大專校院就業職能診斷平台。取自http://bit.ly/1YrjbxX
高秋英、林玥秀(2012)。餐飲管理創新之路。台北：華立。許美瑞、王瑤芬、賴顯松、黃宜純、林育瑋、黃惠林(2006)。建構高職各學群專業能力指標之研究:家政群專業能力分析成果報告，教育部技術及職業教育司委託專案成果報告，未出版。
張紹勳(2008)。研究方法理論與統計。台中：滄海。
張偉豪(2011)。SEM論文寫作不求人（第一版）。高雄：三星。
張清順(2012)。台灣餐飲業外場服務人員職能指標建構及其 IPA 分析（未出版碩士論文）。銘傳大學，台北市。
曾珮雯(2012)。廚藝創新職能量表發展之研究（未出版碩士論文）。景文科技大學，台北市。
黃芳銘(2005)。結構方程模式理論與應用（第五版）。台北：五南。
游明鑫(2012a)。職能6 -推動我國職能標準制度，促進人力資本投資效能。就業安全半年刊，1。取自http://bit.ly/1Oe8gs6
游明鑫(2012b)。我國職能制度的規畫發展。取自http://bit.ly/22pYyHv
游明鑫(2014)。從生手到能手，職能制度的政策推動策略與配套措施。發表於2014訓練品質系統與職能發展國際論壇。載於會議手冊153-156。台北市：集思交通部國際會議中心國際會議廳。
梁滄郎(2015)。經由職能觀點建構與驗證產學合作之餐旅技專院校實習課程人才培育模式－以產業界觀點為主軸。行政院科技部專題研究計畫成果報告(計畫編號：NSC103-2511-S-164 -002)，未出版。
勞動部(2015)。配合勞工「週休二日」政策， 勞動部修正發布「勞動基準法施行細則」， 並自105年1月1日實施。取自http://bit.ly/1IZOpdW
勞動部勞動力發展署(2015a)。職能基準發展與應用推動計畫。取自http://bit.ly/1OdrQ1x
勞動部勞動力發展署(2015b)。職能基準發展指引。取自http://bit.ly/1JiemA8
勞動部勞動力發展署(2015c)。職能分析方法簡介。取自http://bit.ly/1YnhVkY
勞動部勞動力發展署(2015d)。iCAP 職能發展應用平台。取自http://bit.ly/1OBHVyn
經濟部(2000)。餐飲業經營管理實務。台北：經濟部。
經濟部產業職能基準與能力鑑定資訊專區(2015a)。何謂產業職能基準。取自：http://bit.ly/1NussSY
經濟部統計處(2015b)。產業經濟統計簡訊。取自http://bit.ly/1NEYFVM
詹益政(2005)。餐旅業經營管理。台北：五南。
榮泰生(2008)。AMOS與研究方法（第二版）。台北：五南。
楊上輝(2004)。旅館事業概論：二十一世紀兩岸發展新趨勢。台北：揚智。
楊正寬(2003)。觀光行政與法規。台北：揚智。
劉蔚萍譯(1992)。旅館餐飲（Aron Schmidt著）。台北：桂冠。
蕭文龍(2013)，統計分析入門與應用－SPSS中文版＋PLS
－SEM (SmartPLS)。碁峰：台北。
賴春金、李隆盛(2011)。職能分析的方法與選擇。國家文官學院 T&D飛訊，114，1-22。
羅弘毅、韋桂珍(2013)。現代旅館管理成功概論。台北：華立。
顧景昇(2004)。旅館管理。台北：揚智。
貳、英文部份
Bashook, P. G. (2005). Best practices for assessing competence and performance of the behavioral health workforce. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 32(5-6), 563-592.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonnet, D. C. (1980). Significance Tests and Goodness of Fit in the Analysis of Covariance Structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88 (3), 588-606.
Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulleting, 107, 238-246.
Boyatzis, R. E. (1982). The competence manager: A model for effective performance. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Boyatzis, R. E. (2008). Competencies in the 21st century. Journal of Management Development, 27(1), 5-12.
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach for structural equation modeling. In George A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern Methods for Business Research, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 295-336.
Chung-Herrera, B.G., Enz, C.A., & Lankau, M.J. (2003). Grooming future hospitality leaders:a competencies model. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 44 (3), 17-26.
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1995). Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development. Psychological Assessment, 7(3), 309-319.
Clardy, A. (2007). Strategy, core competencies and human resource development. Human Resource Development International, 10(3),339-349.
Collins, A. B. (2007). Human resources: A hidden advantage? International Journal of contemporary hospitality Management, 19(1), 78-84.
Dalton, M. (1997). Are competency models a waste? Training and Development, 51(10), 46-49.
Fan,X.,Thompson B., & Wang L.(1999). Effects of sample size, estimation method, and model specification on structural equation modeling fit indexes. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 56-83.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research,18 (1), 39-50.
Hair et al. (1992). Multivariate Data Analysis (3rd edition). New York:Macmillan Publishing Company.
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis. New Jersey:Prentice-Hall.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivatiate data analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ:Pearson Education.
Wold, H. (1975). Soft modeling by latent variables: the nonlinear iterative partial least squares approach. London: Academic Press.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. Advances in International Marketing, 20(1), 277-319.
Horng J. S., & Wang, L. L. (2003). Competency analysis profile of F&B managers in international hotel managers in Taiwan. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 8(1), 26-36.
Horng, J.S., Hsu, H., Liu, C. H., Lin L., & Tsai C.Y. (2011). Competency Analysis of Top Managers in the Taiwanese Hotel Industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(4), 1044-1054.
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit
indexes in covariance. Structural Equation Modeling,
6(1), 1-55.
Jacobs, R. L. (1997). A taxonomy of employee development: Toward an organizational culture of expertise. In Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Academy of Human Resource Development－1997. Austin, TX: Academy of Human Resource Development.
Jacobs, R. L. (2001). Managing employee competence in global organizations. In Kidd, J. Li, X, & Richter, F., (eds.). Maximizing Human Intelligence Development in Asian Business. New York: Palgrave.
Jauhari, V., & Misra, K. (2004). Services Management: An insight into indian hospitality industry. IIMT, Gurgaon.
Johnstone, J. N. (1981). Indicators of education systems. Paris: UNESCO.
Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörobm, D. (1993). LISREL 8 user’s reference guide. Chicago: Scientific Software, Inc.
Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörobm, D. (1986). LISREL-VI: Analysis of Linear Structural Relationships by the Method of Maximum Likelihood. Mooresville: Scientific Software, Inc.
Johanson, M., Ghiselli, R., Shea, L. J., & Roberts, C. (2010) Revealing key competencies of hospitality graduates demanded by industry: a 25-year review. Refereed
paper presented at the 2010 International CHRIE conference. Retrieved from: http://bit.ly/1OsZpD4
Kay, C., & Moncarz, E. (2004), Knowledge, skills, and abilities for lodging management success. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 45(3), 285-298.
Khorramshahgol, R., & Moustakis, V. S. (1988). Delphic hierarchy process (DHP): A methodology for priority setting derived form the Delphi method and analytical hierarchy process. European Journal of Operational Research, 37(3), 347-354.
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York:Guilford.
Knowles, M.S. (1970). The modern practice of adult education: Andragogy versuspedagogy. NY: Association Press.
Ko, W. H. (2012). The relationships among professional competence, job satisfaction and career development
confidence for chefs in Taiwan. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(3), 1004-1011.
Le Deist, F. D., & Winterton, J.(2005). What is competence? Human Resource Development International, 8 (1), 27–46.
Lucia, A. D., & Lepsinger, R. (1999). The art and science of competency models: Pinpointing criticalsuccess factors in organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Lysaght, R.M., & Altschuld, J.W. (2000). Beyond initial certification: The assessment and maintenance of competency in professions. Evaluation and Program Planning, 23, 95-104.
MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M.W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling, Psychological Methods. 1(2), 130-149.
MacCallum, R.C., & Hong, S. (1997). Power analysis in covariance structure modeling using GFI and AGFI, Multivariate Behavioral Research, 32, 193-210.
Mansfield, R. S. (1996). Building competency models: approaches for HR professionals. Human Resource Management, 35(1), 7-18.
Marcoulides, G. A., & Saunders, C. (2006). PLS: A silver bullet? MIS Quarterly,30(2), 4-8.
Marcoulides, G. A., Chin, W. W., & Saunders, C. (2009). A critical look at partial least squares modeling. MIS Quartery, 33(1), 171-175.
McClelland, C. D. (1973). Testing for competence rather than for intelligence. American Psychologist, 28(1), 1-24.
McDonald, R. P., & Ho, M. R. (2002). Principles and practice in reporting structural equation analysis. Psychological Methods, 7, 64-82.
McLagan, P. A. (1983). Model for excellence: The conclusions and recommendations of the ASTD training and development study. Washington DC: American Society for Training and Development.
Milkovich, T. G., & Newman, M. J. (1999). Compensation. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Mirabile, Richard J. (1997). Everything You Wanted to Know about Competency Modeling. Training & Development, 51(8), 73-77.
Murry, J., W., & Hammons, J. O. (1995). Delphi: A versatile methodology for conducting qualitative research. The Review of Higher Education, 18(4), 423-436.
Naquin, S., & Wilson, J. (2002). Creating competency
standards, assessments and certification. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 4(2), 180-187.
Nasser, F., & Wisenbaker (2003). A Monte Carlo study investigating the impact of item parceling on measures of fit in confirmatory factor analysis. Educational and Psychological Measurement,63, 729-757.
Nicholson, P., Griffin, P., Gillis, S., Wu, M., & Dunning, T. (2012). Measuring nursing competencies in the operating theatre: Instrument development and psychometric analysis using Item Response Theory. Nurse education today, 6–11. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2012.04.008
Peak, L., & Brown, J.M.(1980).A conceptual framework and process for identifying the inservice needs of vocational eduacators serving special needs populations. St. Paul, Minn.:Minnesota Research and Development Center for Vocational Education.
Petter, S., Straub, D., & Rai, A. (2007). Specifying formative constructs in information systems research. MIS Quarterly, 31(4), 623-656.
Pirouz, D. M. (2006). An overview of partial least squares. Retrieved from http://bit.ly/1Jwj3GN
Raelin, J. A. (1996). From generic to organic competencies. Human Resource Planning, 18(3), 24-33.
Schumacker, Randall E., & Richard G. Lomax(2004). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling ( 2nd ed). Mahwah, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Spencer, L.M., & Spencer, S. (1993). Competence at work: Models for superior performance (1nd ed). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Suh, E. J., West, J. J., & Shin, J. U. (2012). Important competency requirements for managers in the hospitality industry. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 11(2), 102-112.
Suhairom, N., Musta’amal, A. H., Amin, F. M., & Johari, K. A. (2014). The development of competency model and instrument for competency measurement: The research methods. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 152, 1300-1308.
Swanson, R. A. (1994). Analysis for improving performance: Tools for diagnosing organizations and documenting workplace expertise, San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
Tas, R. F. (1988). Teaching future managers. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 29(2), 41-43.
Tenenhaus, M. (2008). Component-based structural equation modeling. Total Quality Management, 19(4), 871-886.
Testa, M. R., & Sipe, L. (2012). Service-leadership competencies for hospitality and tourism management. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(3), 648-658.
Thomopson, B. (2004). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis:Understanding concepts and applications. Washington, DC:American Psychological Association.
Ullman,J.B.(2001). Structural equation modeling. In Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S.(2001). Using Multivariate Statistics (4th ed.). Needham Heights, MA:Allyn and Bacon.
Walczuch, R., Lemmink, J., & Streukens, S. (2007). The effect of service employees’ technology readiness on technology acceptance. Information & Management, 44(2),206-215.