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題名:寄養媽媽照顧受虐兒童歷程之研究:我不只是照顧者
作者:莊靜宜
作者(外文):CHUANG, CHING-YI
校院名稱:東海大學
系所名稱:社會工作學系
指導教授:曾華源
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2018
主題關鍵詞:受虐兒童寄養家庭角色建構生態觀點abused childFoster familyrole constructionecological perspectives
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寄養家庭照顧是受虐兒童保護安置系統中重要不可或缺的形式,本研究主旨從生態觀點探討寄養媽媽照顧受虐兒童歷程,主要目的有二: 一、透過寄養照顧者主體經驗,探討受虐兒童從進入寄養到結案歷程中不同階段之照顧議題,及其與所處的安置體制環境互動經驗,進而理解寄養照顧者在安置生態環境中照顧角色自我定位及發展;二、期望透過對寄養照顧者照顧歷程經驗的理解,反思現行寄養安置處遇執行上可能的問題。
本研究以現象學研究方法,針對八名女性寄養主要照顧者,在三年內照顧受虐兒童之經驗進行深度訪談。研究結果發現,寄養媽媽照顧安置受虐兒童經歷四個階段,一、愛的啟程:孩子初入家庭時,對孩子未能有完整的訊息,孩子的特性都是在進入家庭後才慢慢浮現;二、初期:在安置生態系統中,寄養照顧者需要因應與調適兒童多重性照顧議題,微視系統中衝突照顧關係是帶來角色困境的重要因素,在中視系統中的社工是滋養資源也可能是角色實踐的障礙;三、中期:進入角色的勝任性與出現提前安置終止的意念與行動、照顧角色倫理責任及修復受損角色,是提前安置終止的重要轉機,但是,影響安置終止關鍵推力是環境因素;四、結束階段:著重在照顧關係的轉化與分離,是整合照顧者自我效能發展重要階段,可能影響未來照顧角色的延續與否。
研究中除了呈現照顧歷程外,重要的發現為寄養照顧者具複合性角色,除社會與體制中所建構的公益性、半專業、契約性的照顧角色外,女性寄養照顧者本身發展出母性及教導者角色,其中母性角色本質是在安置系統中可能最被忽略的。針對上述研究發現,對寄養照顧角色本質、寄養兒童福祉及現有寄養安置服務輸送體制提出反思與建議。
Foster family care is an indispensable care model in child protection system for the abused children. This study mainly aims to understand the course of caring abused children of foster mothers from ecological perspectives. There are two major objectives. The first one is, from foster caregivers’ subjective points of view to understand the different issues of abused children occurred from the beginning to the end of foster care, their experiences of interacting within the placement service ecosystem, and their self-perception on foster caregivers’ roles and their role developments. The second is, from understanding the foster caregivers’ caring process experiences, the author wishes to reflect on current implementation issues and problems in child placement system.
By employing phenomenological methods, this study highlights eight female primary caregivers with in-depth interviews to collect their at least three years experiences of caring for abused children. The findings reveal the course of caring experiences can be divided into four different stages. At the beginning, due to lack of complete information about the foster children, it all starts with love. The characteristics of these children will then slowly emerge after entering the foster families. At the early stage, the caregivers need to cope and adjust multiple caring problems of foster children when they step into the foster care ecology. The conflicts of care relationships at the microsystem level are the important factor of role dilemma for foster caregivers, and the foster care social workers can either be their supportive resources or their role practice obstacles at the mesosystem level.
At the middle stage, it comes to either role competency or thoughts and actions for premature termination of foster caregivers’ role, ethical responsibilities of caregivers and successful restoring of the damaged role are the important turning points. But, the environmental factors are the key thrust to foster care termination. The last stage is termination stage, emphasizing on the transformation of care relationship and separation issues. At this stage, successful development of caregivers’ self-efficacy will influence their decisions on continuation or not on their foster caregivers’ roles in future.
In addition to the above, this study also reveals that foster caregivers have their complex characters, under the society and placement system’s contracted expectation, they are presenting the publicness, semi-professional and contractual roles, at the same time, female foster caregivers further developed their own roles of mothers and educators, and the nature of motherhood in the child placement system has been mostly ignored. According to the research results, this study proposes some reflections and recommendations to the nature of foster care role, foster children welfare and current foster service delivery system.
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