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題名：Electoral System, Voter Preferences, and The Fragmentation of Party System: The East Asian Cases
書刊名：選舉研究
作者：林繼文 引用關係
作者(外文)：Lin, Jih-wen
出版日期：2002
卷期：9:1
頁次：頁137-168
主題關鍵詞：選舉制度；單記非讓渡投票；杜弗傑定律；社會分歧；政黨體系；Electoral system；SNTV；Duverger's laws；Social cleavage；Party system
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(0) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:3
  • 共同引用共同引用:118
  • 點閱點閱:74
關於「單記非讓渡投票」選制之下的有效政黨數目，曾有學者延伸杜弗傑定律，主張在應選名額為M的選區中，有效參選人數目應趨近於M+1。然而，這M+1位參選人究竟來自幾個政黨，卻仍沒有定論。本文主張，單記非讓渡投票制之下的有效政黨數目取決於選區應選名額與選民的偏好結構。當選民重視政策理念時，此一選舉制度的「離心效應」將使有效政黨數趨近M+1。當選民僅重視分配性的利益時，政黨數目會因為部份候選人必須組成穩定的分配聯盟而少於M+1；但政黨若有地域色彩則數目又會增加。本文假設理念型選民的比重和都市化程度成正比，並以農業人口比例和選區應選名額為自變數，解釋了台灣、日本與南韓在過去數十年間有效政黨數目的變化。
It has been demonstrated that, as an indicator of the fragmentation of political system, the effective number of candidates running under the single nontransferable vote (SNTV) system converges to M+1, where M is district magnitude. How these candidates are to be grouped into par-ties, however, remains unanswered. I propose that the effective number of parties under SNTV is determined by electoral system as well as the voters' preference profiles. When the voters are idealistic and select the candidates according to their issue positions, the centrifugal tendency of SNTV fosters M+1 effective parties. When the voters care only about absolute gains, the need to maintain a stable distributive coalition encour-ages one-party dominance, unless regionalism hinders the formation of a grand national party. Using the percentage of agricultural population to approximate the proportion of realist voters, I show that this formula ex-plains well the evolution of party systems in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan.
期刊論文
1.Boix, Carles(1999)。Setting the Rules of the Game: The Choice of Electoral Systems in Advanced Democracies。American Political Science Review，93(3)，609-624。  new window
2.Reed, Steven R.(1990)。Structure and Behaviour: Extending Duverger's Law to the Japanese Case。British Journal of Political Science，20(3)，335-356。  new window
3.Cox, Gary W.(1994)。Strategic Voting Equilibria under the Single Nontransferable Vote。American Political Science Review，88(3)，608-621。  new window
4.Brady, David、Mo, Jongryn(1992)。Electoral Systems and Institutional Choice: A Case Study of the 1988 Korean Elections。Comparative Political Studies，24(4)，405-429。  new window
5.Cox, Gary W.、Rosenbluth, Frances(1994)。Reducing Nomination Errors: Factional Competition and Party Strategy in Japan。Electoral Studies，13(1)，4-16。  new window
6.明居正(19921200)。中華民國政黨體系之分析--一九四九至一九九二年。政治科學論叢，4，149-178。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.王業立(19950500)。單記非讓渡投票制的政治影響：我國民意代表選舉制度的探討。選舉研究，2(1)，147-167。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.Kawato, S.(1997)。Senkyo seido to seit? sei: nihon ni okeru itsu no senkyo seido no hikaku funseki。Leviathan，20，58-83。  new window
9.Fukui, H.、Lee, Kap-Yun(1998)。Nikkan kokkai giin senkyo no hikaku funseki。Leviathan，23，50-77。  new window
圖書
1.Ramseyer, J. M.、Rosenbluth, F. M.(1997)。Japan's Political Marketplace: Beyond Karaoke Democracy?。New York, NY：St. Martin's Press。  new window
2.Kohno, Masaru(1997)。Japan's Postwar Party Politics。Stanford, CA：Stanford University Press。  new window
3.Cox, Gary W.(1997)。Making Votes Count。Cambridge。  new window
4.Lipset, Seymour、Rokkan, Stein(1967)。Party Systems and Voter Alignment。New York：Free Press。  new window
5.Duverger, Maurice、North, Barbara、North, Robert(1954)。Political Parties: Their Organization and Activity in the Modern State。London：University Paperbacks, Methuen。  new window
6.LeDuc, Lawrence、Niemi, Richard G.、Norris, Pippa(1996)。Comparing Democracies: Elections and Voting in Global Perspective。Thousand Oaks, CA：SAGE。  new window
7.Rae, Douglas W.(1967)。The Political Consequences of Electoral Laws。New Haven：Yale University Press。  new window
8.Sartori, Giovanni(1976)。Parties and Party system: A Framework for Analysis。Cambridge University Press。  new window
9.Lijphart, Arend(1984)。Democracies: Patterns of Majoritarian and Consensus Government in Twenty-One Countries。Yale University Press。  new window
10.Mo, Jongryn、Brady, D.(1999)。The SNTV and the Politics of Electoral Systems in Korea。Elections in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan under the Single Non-Transferable Vote。Ann Arbor, MI。  new window
11.Ichiro, Miyake(1989)。Tohyo kodo。Tohyo kodo。Tokyo, Japan。  new window
12.Lee, Sung-Chull(1999)。Politics of Electoral Reforms and Practices: The Case of Korean SNTV Elections under the Yushin Constitution。Elections in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan under the Single Non-Transferable Vote。Ann Arbor, MI。  new window
圖書論文
1.Grofman, Bernard(1999)。SNTV: An Inventory of Theoretically Derived Propositions and a Brief Review of the Evidence from Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Alabama。Elections in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan under the Single Non- Transferable Vote: The Comparative Study of an Embedded Institution。Ann Arbor：University of Michigan Press。  new window
2.Reed, Steven R.、Bolland, John M.(1999)。The Fragmentation Effect of SNTV in Japan。Elections in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan under the Single Non-Transferable Vote: The Comparative Study of an Embedded Institution。Ann Arbor, MI：University of Michigan Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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