Emprical researches, which were financially supported by the National Science Council and concentrated in the evaluation of the contemporary educational reform in Taiwan, were descriptively synthesized in the present study. The contemporary educational reform in Taiwan is characterized by four dimensions: (a) initiated and supported by the national leader, (b) swing from elitist theory of education of popular education, (c) decentralization, (d) pluralism. Topics of the evaluation of were focused on: (a) the impact of decentralization on the school-based management, democratization in campus, teachers’ associations, and participation of parents in school, (b) the influence of pluralism on the teacher training programs, entrance examination to advanced school-levels, measurement of school performance, multi-culture education, and special education, (c) the effect of changes in educational policies on the financial support to the private higher education as well as vocational and technical schools, nine-year straightforward integrated curriculum, and the formulation of educational indicators. Only the results that have statistical significance were reported.