The main aim of this writing is to inquire that how the educational aboriginal elites change the leadership institution. There was a traditional leadership function in Taiwan aboriginal tribe. The Peng-Po people who accepted Confucius education (Chinese traditional official education) became to be tribal leaders in Ching dynasty period. In Japanese colonial period, the colonial education prevailed in aboriginal tribes and changed the leadership institution. Besides setting up the primary education, Japanese colonial government initiated the ‘aboriginal elites’ educational plan, and selected the excellent aboriginal elites to accept higher education. Japanese colonial government organized the aboriginal elites who accepted Japanese colonial education as ‘Young People Association’. The organization took charge of Japanese colonial policy in aboriginal tribes, and replaced some roles and functions of traditional chief. The members of ‘Young People Association’ became gradually the tribal leaders.