”The Preface to Landscape Painting” is the first thesis on Chinese landscape painting in history, and this paper is meant to analyze and evaluate its meanings and implications. First, we introduce briefly how the thought about landscape painting rose in the Wei-Jin Northern and Southern Dynasties. The character appraisal that had emerged in the late Han Dynasty was then deflected from the appraisal of human relationships toward the pursuit of the image beauty, which caused the rise of portrait painting in the Wei-Jin Northern and Southern Dynasties. And yet the admiration of nature and pursuit of reclusive life on the part of the Wei-Jin Neo-taoism inevitably led to the love for natural landscapes, which is somewhat connected with the serious attention to landscape painting. It is in such an atmosphere that ”The Preface to Landscape Painting” emerged as the earliest writing on Chinese landscapes. Secondly, we present succinctly Zong Bing's life and writings and then analyze the structure of his aesthetic theory in ”The Preface.” Here, the thesis of ”appreciating images with a pure mind” is an aesthetic ontology that defines the essence of ”landscapes”; ”appealing to the eyes and reaching the mind” represents a theory of art creation that involves imagination, proportion control, along with the orchestrated correspondence among the ”mind,” the ”eyes” and the ”hand”; ”all pleasures incorporated in the divine way of thinking,” as a theory of art appreciation, considers ”the dream journey” as the process of art appreciation and refines mood of ”letting the spirit unfold” into the supreme state of art appreciation. In the end, this article accesses the aesthetic significance of ”The Preface to Landscape Painting.”