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題名：組織中八卦／傳聞的理論初探
書刊名：中國行政評論
作者：黃煥榮 引用關係
作者(外文)：Huang, Huan-jung
出版日期：2007
卷期：16:1
頁次：頁61-93
主題關鍵詞：八卦；傳聞；組織行為；非正式溝通；知識移轉；Gossip；Grapevine；Organizational behavior；Informal communication；Knowledge transfer
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:313
  • 點閱點閱:37
本文主要探討組織行為中重要卻被忽略的主題─非正式溝通，即八卦和傳聞等活動。因組織中八卦/傳聞包羅萬象，概念複雜難以界定，且牽涉道德上的爭議，故其研究有其困難性。八卦/傳聞常被管理者視為是對組織有害的現象；但實際上，八卦/傳聞不僅是組織最普遍的溝通形式，其亦提供許多正向的功能。這些功能包括能夠以更快速的方式傳遞資訊給組織的成員，能夠測試組織成員對於組織或管理新政策或措施的反應；此外，八掛/傳聞亦能夠增強組織的團結和凝聚力，甚至工作生產力的提昇等。由於組織中八卦/傳聞的研究尚在起步的階段，仍有許多未開發的領域，故值得進一步研究和探索。 本文先從過去文獻進行檢閱，說明八卦/傳聞的意義，並與相關的概念做一比較；其次就八卦/傳聞的功能、頭型及散佈方式進行討論；接著分析八卦/傳間的形成輿發展，就其前困和後果進行探討，並評析組織對八卦/傳聞的管理策略；然後歸納出本研究的分析架構。 在本文的分析架構中，從兩個層面進行分析：首先，就八卦/傳聞的前因進行分析，這是將八卦/傳聞視為依變項，探討個人因素(包含性別、教育程度及人格特質)與組織因素(包括組織情境、組織文化和科技因素)對八卦/傳聞之影響；其次，則將八卦/傳聞視為自費項，探討其對組織續效等方面的影響；最後則討論管理者應採行的管理策略：並希望透過較周延和系統性的探究，建立未來此方面研究的基礎。
This paper attempts to investigate an important topic in organizational behavior that hitherto, has not received enough attention –informal communications, including gossip and grapevine activities. Gossip/grapevine is a disparate phenomenon, difficult to define, conceptually complex and resistant to paradigmatic summing up. Drawing on literature from multiple disciplines the proposal provides an analysis of the role played by gossip/grapevine within organizations. It is not difficult to see how gossip/grapevine processes can contribute to a better understanding of other subjects of interest to organizational behaviorists. Informal communication, gossip in particular, tends to take place between friends or within particular functional groupings within organizations. In turn, this reinforces the social bond of the participants, thus helping to preserve group solidarity. Moreover, and in spite of the tendency to ascribe gossip/grapevine as morally reprehensive, not all of these outcomes are shown to be harmful within organizations. This proposal argues that scholars and managers alike ought to avoid making negative judgments about gossip/grapevine in all such cases. The author further outlines an agenda for research on gossip/grapevine in organizations, paying careful attention to a number of individual-level and organizational-level variables, and discussing both antecedent and outcome variables that are associated with organizational gossip and grapevine. Moreover, and in spite of the tendency to ascribe gossip and grapevine as morally reprehensible, not all of these outcomes are shown to be harmful within organizations. Consequently, as a subject, gossip demands greater attention in the future in terms of theory and empirical research.
期刊論文
1.Mishra J. M.、Crampton, S. M.、Hodge, J. W.(1998)。The informal communication network: Factors influencing grapevine activity。Public Personnel Management，27(4)，569-584。  new window
2.Eder, D.、Enke, J. L.(1991)。The structure of gossip: Opportunities and constraints on collective expression among adolescents。American Sociological Review，56，494-508。  new window
3.Rosnow, Ralph L.(1988)。Rumor as communication: A contextualist approach。Journal of Communication，38(1)，12-28。  new window
4.Gluckman, M.(1963)。Gossip and scandal。Current anthropology，4(3)，307-315。  new window
5.Cross, Rob、Parker, A.、Prusak, L.、Borgatti, S. P.(2001)。Knowing What We Know: Supporting Knowledge Creation and Sharing in Social Networks。Organizational Dynamics，30(2)，100-120。  new window
6.Yerkovich, S.(1977)。Gossiping as a Way of Speaking。Journal of Communication，27，192-197。  new window
7.Spacks, P. M.(1982)。In Praise of Gossip。Hudson Review，35(1)，19-38。  new window
8.Suls, J. M.(1977)。Gossip as Social Comparison。Journal of Communication，27(1)，164-168。  new window
9.Tebbutt, M.、Marchington, M.(1997)。Look Before You Speak': Gossip and the Insecure Workplace。Work, Employment and Society，11(4)，713-735。  new window
10.Rysman, A.(1977)。How "Gossip" Became a Woman。Journal of Communication，27，176-180。  new window
11.Baker, J. S.、Jones, M. A.(1996)。The Poison Grapevine: How Destructive Are Gossip and Rumor in the Workplace?。Human Resource Development Quarterly，7(1)，75-86。  new window
12.Brownell, J.(1990)。Management: Grab Hold of the Grapevine。Cornell Hotel & Restaurant Administration Quarterly，31，78-83。  new window
13.Cook, Peter(1999)。I Heard it through the Grapevine: Making Knowledge Management Work by Learning to Share Knowledge, Skills and Experience。Industrial and Commercial Training，31(3)，101-105。  new window
14.Davis, T.(1997)。Can You Keep a Secret? Women, Gossip and Identity。Journal of Interdisciplinary Gender Studies，2(2)，67-74。  new window
15.Fine, G. A.(1977)。Social Components of Children's Gossip。Journal of Communication，26，181-185。  new window
16.Fine, G. A.、Rosnow, R. L.(1978)。Gossip, Gossipers, Gossiping。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，4，161-168。  new window
17.Foster, E. K.(2004)。Research on Gossip: Taxonomy, Method, and Future Directions。Review of General Psychology，8(2)，78-99。  new window
18.Garnett, J. L.(1992)。Coping with Rumors and Grapevines: Tactics for Public Personnel Management。Review of Public Personnel Administration，12(3)，42-49。  new window
19.Hafen, S.(2004)。Organizational Gossip: A Revolving Door of Regulation and Resistance。The Southern Communication Journal，69(3)，223-240。  new window
20.Kniffin, K. M.、Wilson, D. S.(2005)。Utilities of Gossip across Organizational Levels: Multilevel Selection, Free-riders, and Teams。Human Nature，16，278-292。  new window
21.Kottis, A. P.(1993)。Women in Management: The 'Glass Ceiling' and How to Break It。Women in Management Review，8(4)，9-15。  new window
22.Kurland, N. B.、Pelled, L. H.(2000)。Passing the Word: Toward a Model of Gossip and Power in the Workplace。Academy of Management Review，25(2)，428-438。  new window
23.Leaper, C.、Holliday, H.(1995)。Gossip in Same-gender and Cross-gender Friends' Conversations。Personal Relationships，2(3)，237-246。  new window
24.Levin, J.、Arluke, A.(1985)。An Exploratory Analysis of Sex Differences in Gossip。Sex Roles，12(3/4)，281-286。  new window
25.Michelson, G.、Mouly, S.(2000)。Rumour and Gossip in Organizations: A Conceptual Overview。Management Decision，38(5)，339-346。  new window
26.Michelson, G.、Mouly, V. S.(2002)。You Didn't Hear It from Us but...: Towards an Understanding of Rumour and Gossip in Organizations。Australian Journal of Management，27(1)，57-65。  new window
27.Michelson, G.、Mouly, S. V.(2004)。Do Loose Lips Sink Ships? The Meaning, Antecedents and Consequences of Rumour and Gossip in Organizations。Corporate Communications，9(3)，57-65。  new window
28.Mishra, J.(1990)。Managing the Grapevine。Public Personnel Management，19(2)，213-218。  new window
29.Noon, M.、Delbridge, R.(1993)。News from Behind My Hand: Gossip in Organizations。Organization Studies，14(1)，23-36。  new window
30.Walker, C. J.、Blaine, B.(1991)。The virulence of dread rumors: A field experiment。Language and Communication，11(4)，291-297。  new window
31.Rosnow, R. L.(1977)。Gossip and Marketplace Psychology。Journal of Communication，27(1)，158-163。  new window
32.黃煥榮(20071200)。組織權力與網絡關係對公務人員升遷之影響--性別之比較分析。人事月刊，45(6)=268，2-16。  延伸查詢new window
33.DiFonzo, Nicholas、Bordia, Prashant、Rosnow, Ralph L.(1994)。Reining in rumors。Organizational Dynamics，23(1)，47-62。  new window
34.Harrington, C. L.、Bielby, D. D.(1995)。Where Did You Hear That? Technology and the Social Organization of Gossip。The Sociological Quarterly，36(3)，607-628。  new window
35.Iyer, Easwar S.、Debevec, Kathleen(1991)。Origin of Rumor and Tone of Message in Rumor Quelling Strategies。Psychology & Marketing，8(3)，161-175。  new window
36.Kamins, M.、Folkes, V.、Perner, L.(1997)。Consumer Responses to Rumor: Good News, Bad News。Journal of Consumer Psychology，6(2)，165-187。  new window
37.Koller, M.(1992)。Rumor Rebuttal in the Marketplace。Journal of Economic Psychology，13，167-186。  new window
38.Mainiero, L. A.(1986)。A Review and Analysis of Power Dynamics in Organizational Romances。Academy of management Review，11(4)，750-762。  new window
39.Hatch, Mary Jo(1993)。The Dynamics of Organizational Culture。The Academy of Management Review，18(4)，657-693。  new window
40.Luthans, F.、Rosenkrantz, S. A.、Hennessey, H. W.(1985)。What Do Successful Managers Really Do? An Observation Study of Managerial Activities。The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science，21(3)，255-270。  new window
41.DiFonzo, N.、Bordia, P.(2000)。How Top PR Professionals Handle Hearsay: Corporate Rumors, Their Effects, and Strategies to Manage Them。Public Relations Review，26(2)，173-190。  new window
42.Ibarra, Herminia(1993)。Personal networks of women and minorities in management: A conceptual framework。Academy of Management Review，18(1)，56-87。  new window
學位論文
1.黃煥榮(2000)。組織中玻璃天花板效應之研究：行政院部會機關女性升遷之實證分析(博士論文)。國立政治大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Elias, N.、Scotson, J. L.(1965)。The established and the outsiders。London：Frank Cass。  new window
2.Wurman, R. S.(2001)。Information Society。Indiana：QUE。  new window
3.Tebbutt, M.(1995)。Women's Talk? A Social History of Gossip in Working-class Neighbourhoods, 1880-1960。Aldershot, England：Brookfield。  new window
4.彭文賢(1992)。人群關係的生態面。台北：幼獅書局。  延伸查詢new window
5.Meyer, S.(1985)。Gossip。Chicago：University of Chicago Press。  new window
6.Ogasawara, Yuko(1998)。Office Ladies and Salaried Men: Power, Gender, and Work in Japanese Companies。Berkeley, CA：University of California Press。  new window
7.Kapferer, J. N.(1990)。Rumors--Uses, Interpretations, and Images。New Brunswick, NJ：Transaction Publishers。  new window
8.彭文賢(1983)。組織原理。三民書局。  延伸查詢new window
9.彭文賢(1996)。組織結構。台北：三民。  延伸查詢new window
10.孫本初(2005)。公共管理。台北：智勝。new window  延伸查詢new window
11.Barnard, Chester I.(1938)。The Functions of the Executive。Harvard University Press。  new window
其他
1.教育部國語推行委員會(2006)。教育部重編國語辭典修訂本，http://tw.news.yahoo.com/050424/43/lqjet.html， 2006/11/24。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Rosnow, R. L.(2001)。Rumor and gossip in interpersonal interaction。Behaving badly。Washington, DC：American Psychological Association。  new window
2.Shimanoff, S. B.、Jenkins, M. M.(1992)。Leadership and Gender: Challenging Assumptions and Recognizing Resources。Small group communication: A reader。Dubuque, IA：Brown。  new window
 
 
 
 
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