英語是國際主流語言，其重要性日增。非英語體系國家中，無不致力於英 語教育。其中德國廣泛教授英語，並且擁有高標準的成果。然而，德國自1980年 開始面臨中等教育英語師資供不足問題，此勢必影響英語教學效果，甚至造成師 資供需失衡的危機。事實上影響師資供給與需求的因素眾多，其中供給因素包括 師資培育制度與鼓勵政策等，而需求因素則包括每週英語教學時數、各類型學校 之班級數與退休政策等，再加上出生人口數劇烈變化之環境因素的影響，形成一 環環相扣、複雜且動態的結構。本研究以宏觀的角度探討德國中等教育英語師資 結構，並且建構少子化下對德國中等教育英語師資供需系統的衝擊。研究結果顯 示：德國師資供需主要受到8個積量與16個率量變數所構成的12個關鍵環路所影 響、教師退休政策改變可使得教師供給不足的衝擊減少、出生人口數減少可減緩 教師短缺的壓力。

English is an international language, and it is more important nowadays. Germany emphasizes foreign language teaching and get a very good performance. However, Germany has been faced with the problem of insufficient English teachers since 1980, which will affect the results of English teaching even causing the disequilibrium of demand and supply of English teachers. In fact, many factors contribute to this disequilibrium. Among them, English teachers cultivation systems and encouragement policies give rise to the supply imbalance. Weekly teaching hours, the number of classes, and retirement policy bring about the demand disequilibrium. The low birth rate is another environmental factor. All the factors above form a closely-rated, complicated and dynamic structure. This study is made by the structure of English teachers and building on a systematic demand and supply model of English teacher in German secondary education. The study results reveal that there are eight levels and sixteen rates in twelve key causal loops. The changes of the retirement policy will diminish the impact caused by the insufficiency of English teachers, and so will the low birth rate.