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題名：公民社會的限制--臺灣環境政治中的結社藝術
書刊名：臺灣民主季刊
作者：何明修 引用關係
作者(外文)：Ho, Ming-sho
出版日期：2007
卷期：4:2
頁次：頁33-65
主題關鍵詞：公民社會；結社藝術；社會資本；環境政治；Civil society；Art of association；Social capital；Environmental politics
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(9) 博士論文(0) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:8
  • 共同引用共同引用:353
  • 點閱點閱:112
公民社會經常被認為是民主政治的社會基礎。公民社會的核心即是托克維爾所謂的「結社的藝術」，亦即是一種由公民所發起的志願結社，解決共同面對的問題。在晚近，新托克維爾主義者Robert Putnam提出了「社會資本」的概念，主張濃密而互信的人際關係是有助於民主體制的運作。在此，本文則指出社會資本的限制。透過一個環境爭議案的深入分析，本文強調，社會資本的凝聚（bonding）與跨越（bridging）作用可能是相互衝突的，因此中產階級保育人士的結社往往排除了地下階級成員的參與。社會資本的概念其實預設了一個更廣大的社群以及社群成員的共享價值，也因此，某一群體的集體行動通常反映了其深植的偏好，有可能與另一個群體產生衝突。從這樣來看，良好的民主體制需要活躍的結社生活，但是反之並不亦然，結社藝術的後果並不一定總是有利於民主。
Civil society is often viewed as the cornerstone of democracy. At its core, civil society is what Tocqueville has called “the art of association,” or voluntary associations initiated by citizens to cope with their common problems. Recently neo-Tocquevillean theorist Robert Putnam puts forward the thesis of “social capital” to underscore the proposition that dense and trustworthy interpersonal networks are conducive to the health of democratic regimes. While most literature agreed on the positive functions of civil society, this paper points out its limit. By taking a close look at an environmental controversy, I demonstrate that the bonding and binding function of social capital are frequently at conflict so that the middle-class conservationism often excludes the participation of lower-class members. In addition, the notion of social capital presupposes a larger community with shared values, and thus a particular group’s art of association is often the source of social conflicts with other groups. As a result, a healthy democracy needs robust associational life, but the result of association is not necessarily good for democracy.
期刊論文
1.Berman, Sheri(1997)。Civil Society and the Collapse of the Weimar Republic。World Politics，49(3)，401-429。  new window
2.Foley, M. W.、Edwards, B.(1998)。Beyond Tocqueville: Civil-Society and Social Capital in Comparative Perspective - Editors' Introduction。American Behavioral Scientist，42(1)，5-20。  new window
3.Levi, M.(1996)。Social and Unsocial Capital: A Review Essay of Robert Putnam's Making Democracy Work。Politics & Society，24，45-55。  new window
4.Schmitter, Phillippe C.(1992)。The Consolidation of Democracy and Representation of Social Groups。American Behavioral Scientist，35，422-449。  new window
5.何方(19900300)。從「民間社會」論人民民主。當代，47，39-52。  延伸查詢new window
6.Portes, Alejandro(2000)。The Two Meanings of Social Capital。Sociological Forum，15(1)，1-12。  new window
7.Paxton, P.(1999)。Is Social Capital Declining in the United States? A Multiple Indicator Assessment。American Journal of Sociology，105(1)，88-127。  new window
8.蕭新煌(20040300)。臺灣的非政府組織、民主轉型與民主治理。臺灣民主季刊，1(1)，65-84。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.林國明、陳東升(20031200)。公民會議與審議民主：全民健保的公民參與經驗。臺灣社會學，6，61-118。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.陳東升(20060300)。審議民主的限制--臺灣公民會議的經驗。臺灣民主季刊，3(1)，77-104。new window  延伸查詢new window
11.顧忠華(19991200)。公民結社的結構變遷--以臺灣非營利組織的發展為例。臺灣社會研究季刊，36，123-145。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.林勝偉、顧忠華(20041200)。「社會資本」的理論定位與經驗意義：以戰後臺灣社會變遷為例。國立政治大學社會學報，37，113-166。  延伸查詢new window
13.Wilson, John(2001)。Dr. Putnam's Social Lubricant。Contemporary Sociology，30(3)，225-227。  new window
14.Cotgrove, Stephen、Duff, Andrew(1980)。Environmentalism, Middle-class Radicalism and Politics。The Sociological Review，28(2)，333-351。  new window
15.Cotgrove, Stephen、Duff, Andrew(1981)。Environmentalism, Values, and Social Change。The British Journal of Sociology，32(1)，92-110。  new window
16.Bürklin, Wilhelm P.(1987)。Governing Left Parties Frustrating the Radical Non-established Left: The Rise and Inevitable Decline of the Greens。European Sociological Review，3(2)，109-126。  new window
17.Etzioni, Amitai(2001)。Is Bowling alone Sociologically Lite?。Contemporary Sociology，30(3)，223-224。  new window
18.Tang, Shui-Yan、Tang, Ching-Ping(2004)。Local Governance and Environmental Conservation: Gravel Politics and Preservation of an Endangered Bird Species in Taiwan。Environment and Planning, A，36(1)，173-189。  new window
19.Tarrow, Sidney(1996)。Making Social Sciences Work across Space and Time: A Critical Reflection on Putnam's Making Democracy Work。American Political Science Review，90(2)，389-397。  new window
20.Edwards, Bob、Foley, Michael W.(2001)。Much Ado about Social Capital。Contemporary Sociology，30(3)，227-230。  new window
21.Lee, Anru(2007)。Southern Green Revolution: Urban Environmental Activism in Kaohsiung, Taiwan。City and Society，19(1)，114-138。  new window
學位論文
1.龔重林(1995)。市民運動與市民意識之轉化－柴山自然公園運動的例子(碩士論文)。東吳大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Banfield, Edward C.(1958)。The Moral Basis of a Backward Society。Free Press。  new window
2.汪平雲、徐永明(2003)。落實公投、鞏固民主：一個公民社會的觀點。臺北：財團法人臺灣智庫。  延伸查詢new window
3.高雄市綠色協會(1996)。南臺灣綠色革命。晨星。  延伸查詢new window
4.Kornhauser, William(1998)。The Politics of Mass Society。London。  new window
5.Gellner, Ernest(1994)。Conditions of Liberty: Civil Society and Its Rivals。London：Penguin Books。  new window
6.何明修、蕭新煌(2006)。台灣全志‧卷九--社會志‧社會運動篇。國史館臺灣文獻館。  延伸查詢new window
7.de Tocqueville, Alexis、Reeve, Henry(1945)。Democracy in America。New York：Vintage。  new window
8.Seligman, Adam B.(1992)。The Idea of Civil Society。Princeton University Press。  new window
9.Diamond, Larry Jay(1999)。Developing Democracy: Toward Consolidation。The Johns Hopkins University Press。  new window
10.Bellah, Robert N.、Madsen, Richard、Sullivan, William M.、Swidler, Ann、Tipton, Steven M.(1985)。Habits of the heart: Individualism and commitment in American life。University of California Press。  new window
11.Hardin, Russell(1995)。One for all: The Logic of Group Conflict。Princeton, New Jersey：Princeton University Press。  new window
12.Crozier, Michel J.、Huntington, Samuel P.、Watanuki, Joji(1975)。The Crisis of Democracy: Report on the Governability of Democracies to the Trilateral Commission。New York, NY：New York University Press。  new window
13.Huntington, Samuel P.(1968)。Political Order in Changing Societies。Yale University Press。  new window
14.Keane, John(1988)。Democracy and Civil Society。Verso。  new window
15.陳東升、周素卿(20060000)。臺灣全志. 卷九, 社會志. 都市發展篇。南投：國史館臺灣文獻館。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.何明修(20060000)。綠色民主：臺灣環境運動的研究。臺北：群學。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.Olson, Mancur Jr.(1982)。The Rise and Decline of Nations: Economic Growth, Stagflation, and Social Rigidities。New Haven：Yale University Press。  new window
18.Putnam, Robert D.(2000)。Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community。Simon & Schuster。  new window
19.Wolf, Eric R.(1982)。Europe and the People without History。University of California Press。  new window
20.Hoffer, Eric(1951)。True Believers: Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movement。True Believers: Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movement。New York, NY。  new window
21.Bendix, Reinhard(1974)。Work and Authority in Industry: Ideologies of Management in the Course of Industrialization。Work and Authority in Industry: Ideologies of Management in the Course of Industrialization。Berkeley, CA。  new window
22.(1993)。柴山主義。柴山主義。臺中。  延伸查詢new window
23.臺灣生態研究中心(1993)。柴山自然公園綱要計劃。柴山自然公園綱要計劃。高雄。  延伸查詢new window
24.Putnam, Robert D.(1994)。Making Democracy Work: Civil Traditions in Modern Italy。Princeton, NJ：Princeton University Press。  new window
25.洪田浚(1995)。柴山的人文歷史。柴山的人文歷史。高雄。  延伸查詢new window
26.(2000)。Civil Society before Democracy: Lessons from Nineteenth-Century Europe。Civil Society before Democracy: Lessons from Nineteenth-Century Europe。London, UK。  new window
27.高雄市政府研考會(2002)。自然公園：柴山之旅。自然公園：柴山之旅。高雄。  延伸查詢new window
28.Bermeo, Nancy(2003)。Ordinary People in Extraordinary Times: The Citizenry and the Breakdown of Democracy。Ordinary People in Extraordinary Times: The Citizenry and the Breakdown of Democracy。Princeton, NJ。  new window
29.杜劍鋒(2004)。失落的桃子園。高雄：高雄市文獻委員會。  延伸查詢new window
30.Walzer, Michael(1992)。Civil Society Argument。Dimensions of Radical Democracy: Pluralism, Citizenship, and Community。London, UK。  new window
31.吳錦發(1993)。柴山舊部落。柴山主義。臺中。  延伸查詢new window
32.蔡幸娥(1993)。新桃花源。柴山主義。臺中。  延伸查詢new window
33.Putnam, Robert D.(1996)。Bowling Alone: America's Declining Social Capital。The Global Resurgence of Democracy。Baltimore, MD。  new window
34.Tenfelde, Klaus、Tenfelde, K.(2000)。Civil Society and the Middle Classes in Nineteenth-Century Germany。Civil Society before Democracy: Lessons from Nineteenth-Century Europe。Lanham, MD。  new window
35.Anheier, Helmut(2003)。Movement Development and Organizing Networks: The Role of 'Single Members' in the German Nazi Party, 1925-30。Social Movements and Networks: Relational Approaches to Collective Action。Oxford, UK。  new window
其他
1.湯志傑(20060600)。期待內在批判的璀璨未來：評《公共領域在臺灣：困境與契機》。new window  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.顧忠華(20030000)。社會運動的「機構化」--兼論非營利組織在公民社會中的角色。兩岸社會運動分析。臺北：新自然主義。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.吳乃德(20040000)。搜尋民主公民--社團參與的理論與實際。公共領域在台灣：困境與契機。臺北：桂冠。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.錢永祥(20040000)。公共領域在台灣--一頁論述史的解讀與借鑑。公共領域在台灣--困境與契機。臺北：桂冠。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.李丁讚(20040000)。導論--市民社會與公共領域在台灣的發展。公共領域在台灣：困境與契機。臺北：桂冠。new window  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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