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題名：為什麼反對移工／移民？利益衝突抑或文化排斥
書刊名：政治科學論叢
作者：楊婉瑩 引用關係／張雅雯
作者(外文)：Yang, Wan-ying／Chang, Ya-wen
出版日期：2014
卷期：60
頁次：頁43-84
主題關鍵詞：團體利益衝突；團體接觸；外籍勞工；婚姻移民；文化認同；Cultural identity；Inter-group contact；Inter-group interest conflict；Marriage immigrants；Migrant workers
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(6) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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東南亞移工與婚姻移民，兩者地緣來源相近、幾乎在同時期開始進入台灣、同樣是全球資本主義深化的結果、在國際分工體系中同樣地居於邊陲位置、同樣面對新種族主義歧視，台灣民眾對兩者的態度有何差異？相較之下，移工被視為經濟性的短期存在，擔負社會生產功能，也帶來物質性利益與衝突；婚移則被視為族群性的長期共存，被期待扮演再生產角色，對於國家既有認同與文化形成挑戰。而移工與婚移在台身份與角色處境的差異，也反映在民眾對兩種移民的接納態度之別。本文採用「2008年臺灣社會變遷調查計畫（第5期第4次）全球化組」資料，檢視民眾對這兩類移民的態度與因素。研究結果顯示：民眾對不同移民群體的態度脈絡是複雜且存在差異的。團體利益同時影響了對移工和婚移的態度，但是對移工和婚移有相反的影響，中低階層民眾會因利益衝突反對移工，但也會因利益需求而更支持婚移。文化認同與價值方面，因種族歧視而產生的文化偏見態度，並不影響民眾對移工的態度，卻影響民眾對東南亞婚移的態度。其他文化價值如多元文化和民族主義，則是同時影響民眾對這兩種移民的態度，多元文化觀有助於民眾接納包容不同移民族群；強調我群概念的民族主義則造成民眾排斥移工與婚移。透過區辨移民身分之別與不同的反移民因素，有助於未來在思考在政策上，如何緩解社會上不同群體對不同移民態度的對立性。
Southeast Asian marriage migrants and labor migrants from the same regional origins began entering Taiwan at almost at the same time and occupy similar marginal positions in the international division of labor. What explains the attitudinal differences among native Taiwanese toward these two groups? Labor migrants are short-term residents serving productive functions which might lead to interest conflicts with existing groups. However, marriage migrants are regarded as a permanent ethnic minority serving reproductive functions. Therefore, these migrants pose challenges to the preexisting collective identity and culture. Such distinctions are reflected in the divergences of public attitudes toward these two groups. This study hypothesizes that the exclusion of migrant workers in Taiwan is mainly caused by the inter-group interest conflict; in comparison, cultural identity accounts for the social exclusion of marriage migrants. We apply the ＂Taiwan Social Change Survey (TSCS) 2008: Globalization＂ dataset to examine the attitudinal differences toward these two types of migrants. The data show that public attitudes toward different types of migrants are complex and varied. Intergroup interest concerns account for exclusionary attitudes toward migrant workers, but not for those toward marriage migrants. With respect to cultural identity, cultural discrimination or racism as constructed in this study is related to the rejection of increasing marriage migrants but not to that of labor migrants. In addition, attitudes toward marriage and labor migrants are both affected by multicultural and nationalist orientations, with multiculturalism conducive to and nationalism detrimental to inclusiveness toward migrants. Through distinguishing the migrants by their status, we can further our understandings of public attitudes towards different types of migrants, and help future policy making on relationships between migrants and the native population.
期刊論文
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10.Ceobanu, A. M.、Escandell, X.(201004)。Comparative Analyses of Public Attitudes toward Immigrants and Immigration Using Multinational Survey Data: A Review of Theories and Research。Annual Review of Sociology，36，309-328。  new window
11.Cohrs, C.、Stelzl, M.(2010)。How Ideological Attitudes Predict Host Society Members’ Attitudes toward Immigrants: Exploring Cross-national Differences。Journal of Social Issues，66(4)，673-694。  new window
12.Davidov, E.(2009)。Measurement Equivalence of Nationalism and Constructive Patriotism in the ISSP: 34 Countries in a Comparative Perspective。Political Analysis，17(1)，64-82。  new window
13.McLaren, Lauren M.(2003)。Anti-immigrant Prejudice in Europe: Contact, Threat Perception, and Preferences for the Exclusion of Migrants。Social Forces，81(3)，909-936。  new window
14.McLaren, Lauren、Mark Johnson(2007)。Resources, Group Conflict and Symbols: Explaining Anti-Immigration Hostility in Britain。Political Studies，55(4)，709-732。  new window
15.Meuleman, Bart、Eldad Davidov、Jaak Billiet.(2007)。Changing Attitudes Toward Immigration in Europe, 2002-2007: A Dynamic Group Conflict Theory Approach。Social Science Research，38(2)，352-365。  new window
16.Pehrson, Samuel、Vivian L Vignoles、Rupert Brown.(2009)。National Identification And Anti-Immigrant Prejudice: Individual And Contextual Effects。Social Psychology Q-uarterl，72(1)，24-38。  new window
17.Pettigrew, T. F.、Wagner, U.、Christ, O.(2007)。Who Opposes Immigration? Comparing German with North American Findings。Du Bois Review，4(1)，19-39。  new window
18.Scheepers, P. M.、Gijsberts, M.、Coenders, M.(2002)。Ethnic Exclusionism in European Countries: Public Opposition to Civil Rights for Legal Migrants as a Response to Perceived Ethnic Threat。European Sociological Review，18(1)，17-34。  new window
19.Schneider, S. L.(2008)。Anti-immigrant Attitudes in Europe: Outgroup Size and Perceived Ethnic Threat。European Sociological Review，24(1)，53-67。  new window
20.Semyonov, M.、Rijman, R.、Gorodzeisky, A.(2006)。The Rise of Anti-foreigner Sentiment in European Societies, 1988-2000。American Sociological Review，71，426-449。  new window
21.Sides, John、Citrin, Jack(2007)。European Opinion About Immigration: The Role of Identities, Interests and Information。British Journal of Political Science，37(3)，477-504。  new window
22.Sniderman, Paul M.、Hagendoorn, Louk、Prior, Markus(2004)。Predisposing Factors and Situational Triggers: Exclusionary Reactions to Immigrant Minorities。American Political Science Review，98(1)，35-49。  new window
23.Wagner, U. O.、Christ, T.、Pettigrew, F.、Stellmacher, J.、Wolf, C.(2006)。Prejudice and Minority Proportion: Contact Instead of Threat Effects。Social Psychology Quarterly，69(4)，380-390。  new window
24.吳秀照(20061200)。層層控制下不自由的勞動者：外籍家戶勞動者勞動條件、勞雇關係及管理政策析論。社會政策與社會工作學刊，10(2)，1-48。new window  延伸查詢new window
25.江豐富(20061000)。外勞引進對本國勞工失業、職業選擇及薪資之影響。臺灣經濟預測與政策，37(1)，69-111。new window  延伸查詢new window
26.趙彥寧(20040600)。現代性想像與國境管理的衝突：以中國婚姻移民女性為研究案例。臺灣社會學刊，32，59-102。new window  延伸查詢new window
27.楊婉瑩、李品蓉(20090900)。大陸配偶的公民權困境--國族與父權的共謀。臺灣民主，6(3)，47-86。new window  延伸查詢new window
28.廖元豪(20060900)。全球化趨勢中婚姻移民之人權保障：全球化、臺灣新國族主義、人權論述的關係。思與言，44(3)，81-129。new window  延伸查詢new window
29.張翰璧、張晉芬(20130600)。全球化效果的侷限：臺灣民眾對接納跨國移民的態度。臺灣社會學刊，52，131-167。new window  延伸查詢new window
30.藍佩嘉(20050600)。階層化的他者：家務移工的招募、訓練與種族化。臺灣社會學刊，34，1-57。new window  延伸查詢new window
31.Quillian, Lincoln(1995)。Prejudice As a Response to Perceived Group Threat: Population Composition and Anti-Immigrant and Racial Prejudice in Europe。American Sociological Review，60(4)，586-611。  new window
32.劉梅君(20000600)。「廉價外勞」論述的政治經濟學批判。臺灣社會研究季刊，38，59-90。new window  延伸查詢new window
33.Brown, Rupert(2000)。Social identity theory: Past achievements, current problems and future challenges。European Journal of Social Psychology，30(6)，745-778。  new window
34.Pettigrew, Thomas F.、Tropp, Linda R.(2006)。A Meta-Analytic Test of Intergroup Contact Theory。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，90(5)，751-783。  new window
35.伊慶春、章英華(20061200)。對娶外籍與大陸媳婦的態度：社會接觸的重要性。臺灣社會學，12，191-232。new window  延伸查詢new window
36.蔡明璋(20110600)。從接觸到接受？婚姻移民支持態度的再檢視。研究臺灣，7，1-23。new window  延伸查詢new window
37.蔡明璋、陳嘉慧(19970900)。國家、外勞政策與市場實踐：經濟社會學的分析。臺灣社會研究季刊，27，69-95。new window  延伸查詢new window
38.陳志柔、于德林(20051200)。臺灣民眾對外來配偶移民政策的態度。臺灣社會學，10，95-147。new window  延伸查詢new window
39.夏曉鵑(20000900)。資本國際化下的國際婚姻--以臺灣的「外籍新娘」現象為例。臺灣社會研究季刊，39，45-92。new window  延伸查詢new window
40.Pettigrew, Thomas F.(1998)。Intergroup Contact Theory。Annual Review of Psychology，49(1)，65-85。  new window
41.Hsia, Hsiao-Chuan(2009)。Foreign Brides, Multiple Citizenship and the Immigrant Movement in Taiwan。Asian and Pacific Migration Journal，18(1)，17-46。  new window
研究報告
1.張苙雲、廖培珊(2009)。台灣社會變遷基本調查計畫：第五期第四次調查計畫執行報告。臺北：中央研究院社會學研究所。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.陳雪慧(2007)。看見臺灣國族論述的新面貌--婚姻移民法令的歧視與排除(碩士論文)。世新大學，臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Capozza, D.、Brown, R.(2000)。Social Identity Processes: Trends in Theory and Research。London：Sage。  new window
2.蔡青龍、林季平(2005)。外籍勞工對本國勞工工作異動之影響分析。台北：行政院經濟建設委員會。  延伸查詢new window
3.Blalock, Hubert(1967)。Toward a Theory of Minority Group Relations。New York：John Wiley and Sons。  new window
4.Brewer MB、DT Campbell.(1976)。Ethnocentrism and Intergroup Attitudes: East African Evidence。New York: Sage。  new window
5.Brown, R.(1995)。Prejudice: Its Social Psychology。Oxford：Blackwell。  new window
6.Hardin, Russell(1995)。One for all: The Logic of Group Conflict。Princeton, New Jersey：Princeton University Press。  new window
7.Allport, Gordon W.、Clark, Kenneth、Pettigrew, Thomas(1954)。The Nature of Prejudice。MA：Addison-Wesley。  new window
8.藍佩嘉(2008)。跨國灰姑娘：當東南亞幫傭遇上台灣新富家庭。行人。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.Tajfel, Henri(1981)。Human Groups and Social Categories: Studies in Social Psychology。Cambridge University Press。  new window
其他
1.勞委會職訓局(2010)。當前外籍勞工政策，http://www. evta.gov.tw/topicsite/content.asp?mfunc_id=89&func_id=89&type_id=0&cata_ id=0&site_id=5&id=21937&mcata_id=675&SearchDataValue=，2012/09/20。。  new window
2.勞委會職訓局(2012)。外籍專業人士數據，http:// statdb.cla.gov.tw/html/mon/212090.htm， 2012/09/23。  延伸查詢new window
3.勞委會職訓局(2012)。外籍勞エ數據，http://statdb. cla.gov.tw/html/mon/212020.htm， 2012/09/23。  延伸查詢new window
4.勞動部(2014)。外籍勞工統計，http://statdb.cla.gov.tw/html/ com/st1002.htm， 2014/06/19。  new window
圖書論文
1.李誠(2007)。外勞在臺灣經濟發展過程中所扮演的角色。臺灣外籍勞工研究。台北：中央研究院經濟研究所。  延伸查詢new window
2.夏曉鵑(2005)。全球化下台灣的移民移工問題。台灣的社會問題。臺北：巨流出版社。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.Balibar, Etienne.(1991)。Racism and Nationalism。Etienne Balibar and Immanuel Wallerstein。London：Verso。  new window
4.Bobo, L. D.(1988)。Group Conflict, Prejudice, and the Paradox of Contemporary Racial Attitudes。Eliminating Racism:Profiles in Controversy。New York：Plenum Press。  new window
5.Turner, John C.(1981)。The Experimenta1 Social Psychology of Intergroup Behavior。Intergroup Behavior。Chicago：University of Chicago Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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