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題名:臺灣女性主觀幸福感模式之建構與驗證--以新移民女性觀點為例
作者:呂秋萍
作者(外文):Lu, Chiu-Ping
校院名稱:國立臺北教育大學
系所名稱:教育經營與管理學系
指導教授:胡悅倫
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2014
主題關鍵詞:新移民女性主觀幸福感知覺被歧視復原力生活優勢條件多樣本結構方程模式new migrant femalesubjective well-beingperceived discriminationresilienceadvantages of living conditionsmulti-group structural equation modeling
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本研究旨在建構「臺灣女性主觀幸福感模式」,了解臺灣女性生活優勢條件、知覺被歧視、復原力如何影響臺灣女性主觀幸福感,及這些因素與臺灣女性主觀幸福觀感之關係,並以實證資料檢驗之;另於模式驗證之前,先行檢驗背景變項對主觀幸福感的影響;再則,檢視知覺被歧視與復原力對主觀幸福感之中介效應;最後,再以多樣本結構方程模式分析,驗證本研究理論模型,在新移民女性與非新移民女性之間具有跨樣本恆等。
本研究採用問卷調查法進行,研究工具為「臺灣女性主觀幸福感調查問卷」。資料蒐集的對象分北、中、南三區,全國共發出問卷1,397份,回收問卷976份,有效問卷819份,其中包含新移民女性372份,非新移民女性417份,進行資料分析。根據資料分析的結果,本研究獲得以下結論:
一、臺灣新移民女性與非新移民女性在社經地位背景變項、生活支援背景變項,除家中是否有電視未達顯著差異,自己房間是否有電視、與朋友聚會頻率新移民女性高於非新移民女性外;臺灣新移民女性在社經地位與生活支援各層面,所有條件均不如非新移民女性,居於不利之弱勢地位。
二、臺灣女性基本背景資料、社經地位背景變項、生活支援背景變項,有13個題項對主觀幸福感沒有顯著影響,有16個題項對主觀幸福感有顯著影響。
三、新移民女性在生活優勢條件、復原力與主觀幸福感得分皆顯著低於非新移民女性,而在知覺被歧視則顯著高於非新移民女性。
四、生活優勢條件透過知覺被歧視做為中介變數,對主觀幸福感產生影響;知覺被歧視透過復原力做為中介變數,對主觀幸福感產生影響。
五、本研究依理論建立之「臺灣女性主觀幸福感模式」能夠獲得實證資料的支持。在新移民與非新移民女性國籍恆等性檢驗具備形貌恆等性,但因素負荷量、結構加權係數、結構共變及結構殘差不恆等。
The primary objective of this research is to establish a model for Taiwanese Female Subjective Well-being. In addition this study also seeks to understand the influence and correlation of advantages of living conditions, perceived discrimination, and resilience towards female subjective well-being. Furthermore, additional support for the proposed model is accomplished through the examination of the various impacts on different demographical background, while mediation effect of perceived discrimination and resilience on the female subjective well-being was verified. Multi-group structural equation model was utilized to analyze the samples of local and new migrant female.
This research adopted the survey method for data collection. A total of 1397 surveys were distributed to potential subjects within the Northern, Central, and Southern part of Taiwan. A total of 976 survey returns were collected, wherein 819 valid surveys were used for the data analysis. Among the valid surveys, 372 are from the new migrant females while 417 are from the local females. Results of the research are as follows:
1. There seems to be a big gap between new migrant and local females’ socio-economic status and self-sufficiency. In addition, new migrant female are at a disadvantage in all the aspects except the television ownership and location of the television in the house.
2. Within the local female background demography, socio-economic status, and self-sufficiency factors, 13 items are found to have no significant relationship with subjective well-being, while 16 items have significant relationship with subjective well-being.
3. New migrant females enjoy less advantages of living conditions, express less resilience, feel less subjective well-being and suffer high level of perceived discrimination in comparison to their local counterparts.
4. Advantages of living conditions is found to act as the mediating variable for perceived discrimination influencing the female subjective well-being, while resilience is the mediating variable for perceived discrimination.
5. Empirical data confirms the proposed model for Taiwanese Female Subjective Well-being. In addition, samples have shown to have meet the formal identify criteria for nationality (local vs new migrant), but not for the measurement weights, structural weights, structural covariance, and structural residuals.
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