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題名：何為有用的戰略知識？--戰略研究的科學性爭議與戰略問題的特殊性
書刊名：淡江國際與區域研究
作者：羅慶生
作者(外文)：Lo, Ching-sheng
出版日期：2015
卷期：4:1
頁次：頁91-125
主題關鍵詞：戰略知識；戰略研究；戰略問題；古典戰略論述；後實證主義；Strategic knowledge；Strategic studies；Strategic problem；Classical strategist；Post-positivism
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本文探討戰略研究的認識論，圍繞在「什麼戰略知識是有用的？」議題上，以應對冷戰後戰略研究的困境並提供解決方案的新觀點。戰略研究的科學性和學科定位在冷戰結束後產生質疑，戰略學界雖透過一連串的反思與探討鞏固其理論體系的內在邏輯並對學科定位提出新的安排，但問題並沒有真正獲得解決。究其原因，本文以為是因為未成功處理戰略研究的認識論問題，在科學性與戰略有效性落空的爭議下，無法說服讀者其研究成果是有用的戰略知識，而以安全研究為知識老家（Intellectual Home）以獲得學術合法性的結果，反而是喪失本體論地位而陷入愈發狹隘與窘迫的困境。因而本文試圖對戰略研究的認識論立場進行反思，論證戰略所處理的問題有特殊性，不適合採實證主義立場進行研究。主軸將聚焦在戰略知識的特性上，申論「有用的戰略知識存在」與「何為有用的戰略知識？」，以處理戰略研究的科學性爭議。本文將指出，在敵對意志的戰略互動限制下，行動與結果間沒有必然的因果關係，所謂的「有效戰略」將無法存在，然而卻存在「好的戰略」的概念：戰略是可以比較的，但應以「如何更有利於手段與目標的連結？」為價值標準並非「有效與否？」。而「好的戰略」的判準，即為有用的戰略知識。在此之前，則先整理當代戰略研究所遭到的質疑與回應，並透過研究典範的轉折，梳理其陷入困境的脈絡。
This thesis examines the epistemology of strategic studies, focusing on “what strategic knowledge is useful＂ to deal with the plight of strategic studies and to provide new perspectives for the solution. The scientificity and disciplinary orientation of strategic studies have been questioned after the Cold War. Although strategic academia attempted to strengthen its internal logic of theoretical system and proposed shifting perspectives on disciplinary orientation through continuous reflections, the problems remain unresolved. This thesis argues that, because of dealing with its epistemological problems unsuccessfully, strategic studies is unable to convince the reader its research results are useful knowledge due to its validity of scientific theory and its strategic effectiveness have been questioned. Utilizing security studies as intellectual home to gain academic legitimacy, strategic studies lost its ontological status as well as mired in increasingly constricted and afflicted difficulties. The crisis of strategic studies discipline is caused by the scientific contradictions in scholarship itself. Therefore, this thesis attempts to reflect upon the epistemological position of strategic research as well as to discuss the particularity of problems handled by strategy thus taking the positivist stance to re-search is not suitable. Finally, this thesis will focus on the characteristics of strategic knowledge as well as discuss “the existence of useful strategic knowledge＂ and “what strategic knowledge is useful＂ in order to deal with the problems of strategic effectiveness and theoretical scientificity. Prior to this, raised questions and feedback about the contemporary strategic studies will be sorted, by shifting the research paradigm, to deal with its troubled context.
期刊論文
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12.Walt, Stephen M.(1991)。The Renaissance of Security Studies。International Studies Quarterly，35(2)，211-239。  new window
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15.Betts, Richard K.(2000)。Is Strategy an Illusion?。International Security，25(2)，5-50。  new window
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會議論文
1.陳文政(2009)。西方戰略研究的歷史途徑：演進、範圍與方法。元智大學第三屆國防通識教育學術研討會。新竹：元智大學。78-110。  延伸查詢new window
2.陳文政、羅慶生(2012)。戰略研究的學科化與科學化。中華民國國際關係學會2012年會暨「全球變遷與興起中的國際秩序」學術研討會，(會議日期: 2012/10/06)。台中：中華民國國際關係學會：中興大學國際政治研究所。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
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8.Gray, Colin S.(1982)。Strategic Studies and Public Policy: The American Experience。The University Press of Kentucky。  new window
9.Payne, Keith B.(1996)。Deterrence: in the Second Nuclear Age。The University Press of Kentucky。  new window
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19.Morillo, Stephen(2006)。What Is Military History?。Cambridge：Polity。  new window
20.Mueller, Karl(2006)。Striking First: Preemptive and Preventive Attack in U.S. NationalSemrity Policey。Santa Monica：RAND。  new window
21.Oliker, Olga(2001)。Russia’s Chechen War, 1994-2000。Santa Monica：RAND。  new window
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23.Vick, Alan(1995)。Snakes in the Eagle' Nest: History of Ground Attack on Air Bases Santa。Monica：RAND。  new window
24.Watts, Barry D.(2004)。Clausewitzian Friction and Future War。Washington, D.C.：Institute for National Strategic Studies, Nation Defense University。  new window
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27.Halle, Louis J.(1984)。The Elements of International Strategy: A Primer for Nuclear Age, Vol. X: American Values Projected Abroad。London：University Press of America。  new window
28.Zagare, Frank C.(1987)。The Dynamics of Deterrence。Chicago：Chicago University Press。  new window
29.Morgenthau, Hans Joachim(1985)。Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace。New York：McGraw-Hill。  new window
30.Buzan, Barry Gordon、Wæver, Ole、De Wilde, Jaap(1998)。Security: a New Framework for Analysis。Lynne Rienner Publishers。  new window
31.Richard, Rosecrance、Stein, Arthur A.(1993)。The Domestic Bases of Grand Strategy。Ithaca, N.Y.：Cornell University Press。  new window
32.von Clausewitz, Carl、Howard, Michael、Paret, Peter、鈕先鍾(1980)。戰爭論。臺北：軍事譯粹社。  延伸查詢new window
33.Booth, Ken(1991)。New Thinking about Strategy and International Security。London：Harper Collins Academic。  new window
34.Schelling, Thomas C.(1960)。The Strategy of Conflict。Harvard University Press。  new window
35.Buzan, Barry(1991)。People, States and Fear: An Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-Cold War Era。Boulder, Colo：Lynne Rienner。  new window
36.Kuhn, Thomas S.(1962)。The Structure of Scientific Revolutions。University of Chicago Press。  new window
37.鈕先鍾(1998)。戰略研究入門。臺北：麥田出版社。  延伸查詢new window
38.鈕先鍾(1988)。戰略研究與戰略思想。軍事譯粹社。  延伸查詢new window
39.鈕先鍾(1989)。現代戰略思潮。臺北：黎明文化出版社。  延伸查詢new window
40.鈕先鍾(1995)。西方戰略思想史。臺北：麥田出版社。  延伸查詢new window
41.Snyder, Glenn Herald、Diesing, Paul(1977)。Conflict among Nations: Bargaining, Decision Making, and System Structure in International Crises。Princeton, New Jersey：Princeton University Press。  new window
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43.Freedman, Lawrence(1992)。The Evolution of Nuclear Strategy。Oxford：Clarendon Press。  new window
圖書論文
1.Booth, Ken(1994)。Strategy。Contemporary International Relations: A Guide to Theory。London：Mansfield Publishing Limited。  new window
2.Stein, Arthur A.(1999)。The Limits of Strategic Choice: Constrained Rationality and Incomplete Explanation。Strategic Choice and International Relations。New Jersey：Princeton University Press。  new window
3.Booth, Ken(1987)。The Evolution of Strategic Thinking。Contemporary Strategy: Theories and Concepts。New York：Holmes and Meier。  new window
4.Garnett, John(1987)。Strategic Studies and Its Assumptions。Contemporary Strategy: Theories and Policies。New York：Holmes & Meier Publishers, Inc.。  new window
5.Gooch, John(1981)。Clio and Mars: The Use and Abuse of History。Strategy and The Social Sciences: Issues in Defence Policy。New York：Routledge。  new window
6.Booth, Ken(1996)。75 Years on: Rewriting the Subject, Past-Reinventing its Future。International Theory: Positivism and Beyond。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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