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題名：壟斷的環境資訊：解析高科技環境知識生產之制度困境
書刊名：臺灣社會研究季刊
作者：杜文苓 引用關係／何俊頤
作者(外文)：Tu, Wen-ling／Ho, Chun-yi
出版日期：2015
卷期：99
頁次：頁79-137
主題關鍵詞：高科技；科技與社會研究；該做而未做之科學；管制科學；新竹科學園區；STS；High-tech science；Technology and society；Undone science；Regulatory science；Hsinchu Science Park；HSP
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:86
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本文從科技與社會（STS）研究的視角，討論現行科學園區環境知識生產的困境，嘗試解析高科技環境資訊產製背後的專業壟斷與資源結構限制等問題。本文以新竹科學園區周遭污染問題研究為案例，透過檢閱新竹高科技污染研究相關論文，並訪談環境知識產製者，瞭解有關高科技管制科學知識的生產樣貌，並指出有哪些外在的制度條件限制與管制科學的社會性格特色，阻礙了我們對高科技環境問題的理解。本文借用Gross（2007）對於「未知」面向的界分，以及Hess（2007）「該做而未做的科學」(undone science)的概念進行分析，發現政府與企業掌握了最多的污染現實與風險資訊，但最不願意、甚至恐懼這些資訊公開而使其成為一種被壓抑的知識（negative knowledge）。而非核心的研究社群成員，受限於研究資源，並在正當性爭取的過程中，考量著要以什麼樣的方式使「知道有問題但無法確知的知識（non-knowledge）」轉換為能夠掌握的擴展知識（extended knowledge）。最後，外圍的、「非專業的」，但無法外於污染、風險的公民社會、團體，則受到相當程度的排除，對環境風險處在一無所知（ignorance）的狀態。從理解高科技環境知識產製過程出發，本文進一步討論解困之道以及管制科學與社會鑲嵌的意義。
From the science, technology, and society (STS) perspective, this paper provides a discourse on the plight of the environment knowledge production in relation to Taiwan’s electronics manufacturing industries; and endeavors to resolve the professional/information/resource monopoly as well as the structural constraint problems behind the high-tech environmental informationp roduction system. This paper takes the high-tech pollution issues surrounding the Hsinchu Science Park (HSP) as case examples to explore the “knowledge gridlock” problems of environmental research related to the high-tech park. Through reviews of the scientific reports and interviews with the environmental scientists, this paper tries to map out the conditions that restrain the knowledge production and the social characteristics of regulatory science. Referring to Gross’ (2007) concept of “different types of unknowns” and Hess’ (2007) discussions on “undone science,” this paper differentiated several types of ignorance: “negative knowledge,” considered as unimportant or even dangerous by the government and polluters which hold most information about high-tech pollution and risk assessment; “non-knowledge,” is not known but is taken into account by some researchers for future planning of research in order to be transformed into the “extended knowledge;” and “nescience” occurs in the civil society because the public and local residents have been excluded from the risk management process. From the understanding of high-tech environmental information production process, this paper further discuss solutions and the meaning of social embeddedness of regulatory science.
Other
1.高正忠(20071119)。由新竹科學園區砷排放問題談民眾知的權力，http://e-info.org.tw/node/28295， 2013/03/22。  延伸查詢new window
2.陳權欣(19991126)。香山污染源長期存在由陸地延伸至沿海養殖業都遭波及。  延伸查詢new window
期刊論文
1.何明修(20100600)。從污染受害者到環境巡守者：大寮空污事件之後的社區參與。公共行政學報，35，119-141。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.O'Rourke, Dara、Macey, Gregg P.(2003)。Community Environmental Policing: Assessing New Strategies of Public Participation in Environmental Regulation。Journal of Policy Analysis and Management，22(3)，383-414。  new window
3.杜文苓、李翰林(20110600)。環境資訊公開的民主實踐課題--以霄裡溪光電廢水汙染爭議為例。臺灣民主，8(2)，59-98。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.杜文苓(20060600)。高科技產業的環境治理：全球規範與在地行動的啟發。公共行政學報. 政大，19，169-174。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.Michaels, David、Monforton, Celeste(2005)。Manufacturing Uncertainty: Contested Science and the Protection of the Public's Health and Environment。American Journal of Public Health，95(S1)，39-48。  new window
6.杜文苓(2005)。Challenges of Environmental Governance in the Face of IT Industrial Dominance: A Study of Hsinchu Science-Based Industrial Park in Taiwan。International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development，4(3)，290-309。  new window
7.Chein, H.-M.、Hsu, Y.-D.、Aggarwal, S. G.、Chen, T.-M.、Huang, C.-C.(2005)。Evaluation of arsenical emission from semiconductor and opto-electronics facilities in Hsinchu, Taiwan。Atmospheric Environment，40(10)，1901-1907。  new window
8.Gross, Matthias(2007)。The unknown in process: Dynamic connections of ignorance, non-knowledge and related concepts。Current Sociology，55(5)，742-759。  new window
9.Hsu, Shih-Chieh、Hsieh, Hwey-Lian、Chen, Chang-Po、Tseng, Chun-Mao、Huang, Shou-Chung、Huang, Chou-Hao、Huang, Yi-Tang、Radashevsky, Vasily、Lin, Shuen-Hsin(2011)。Tungsten and other heavy metal contamination in aquatic environments receiving wastewater from semiconductor manufacturing。Journal of Hazardous Materials，189，193-202。  new window
10.Leydesdorff, Loet、Ward, Janelle(2005)。Science shops: A kaleidoscope of science-society collaborations in Europe。Public Understanding of Science，14，353-372。  new window
11.Wu, Ben-Zen、Feng, Tien-Zhi、Sree, Usha、Chiu, Kong-Hwa、Lo, Jiunn-Guang(2006)。Sampling and analysis of volatile organics emitted from wastewater treatment plant and drain system of an industrial science park。Analytica Chemica Acta，576，100-111。  new window
12.Wynne, Brian(1992)。Misunderstood misunderstanding: Social identities and public uptake of science。Public Understanding of Science，1(3)，281-304。  new window
13.Frickel, S.、Gibbon, S.、Howard, J.、Kempner, J.、Ottinger, G.、Hess, D. J.(2010)。Undone science: Charting social movement and civil society challenges to research agenda settings。Science, Technology, and Human Values，35(4)，444-473。  new window
14.湯京平、邱崇原(20100600)。專業與民主：臺灣環境影響評估制度的運作與調適。公共行政學報，35，1-28。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.王毓正(20100600)。從奧爾胡斯公約檢視我國環境影響評估法制中民眾參與之規範。公共行政學報，35，61-117。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.杜文苓(20100600)。環評決策中公民參與的省思：以中科三期開發爭議為例。公共行政學報，35，29-60。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.杜文苓(20110600)。環境風險與科技決策：檢視中科四期環評爭議。東吳政治學報，29(2)，57-110。new window  延伸查詢new window
18.杜文苓(2007)。IT Industrial Development in Taiwan and the Constraints on Environmental Mobilization。Development and Change，38(3)，505-527。  new window
19.Lin, Angela Yu-Chen、Panchangam, Sri Chandana、Lo, Chao-Chun(2009)。The impact of semiconductor, electronics and optoelectronic industries on downstream perfluorinated chemical contamination in Taiwanese rivers。Environmental Pollution，157(4)，1365-1372。  new window
研究報告
1.台灣曼寧工程顧問股份有限公司(2011)。99年台中縣中部科學園區稽查管制計畫。台中：台中市政府環境保護局。  延伸查詢new window
2.張尊國(2004)。高科技産業之重金屬排放及其影響：新竹科學園區為例。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.陳思偉(2004)。新竹科學工業園區高科技產業廢水分析與對承受水體之影響研究(博士論文)。國立清華大學，新竹。  延伸查詢new window
2.蔡淑韻(2003)。新竹科學工業園區對新竹地區發展的影響(碩士論文)。國立中興大學，臺中。  延伸查詢new window
3.楊友仁(1998)。從新竹到台南：科學園區、新興工業與地方發展的政治經濟學分析(碩士論文)。國立台灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
4.吳春吉(2006)。竹科放流水中銅及砷來源追蹤分析及其對香山海域養殖區牡蠣影響之探討(碩士論文)。國立中央大學。  延伸查詢new window
5.林芝寧(2001)。新竹地區毒性化學物質流布之風險評估(碩士論文)。淡江大學。  延伸查詢new window
6.陳慧敏(2002)。解構竹科與高科技産業之環境神話(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
7.曾勝濱(2001)。高科技工業區空氣污染物排放管制總量與風險分析(碩士論文)。國立交通大學。  延伸查詢new window
8.蔡添丁(2007)。新竹香山濕地沉積物重金屬研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣海洋大學。  延伸查詢new window
9.賴旻韓(2009)。新竹科學園區砷空氣污染之空間性影響及風險評估(碩士論文)。國立交通大學。  延伸查詢new window
10.蘇建中(2000)。半導體工業區空氣污染物之懸浮微粒的調查分析(碩士論文)。國立清華大學。  延伸查詢new window
11.羅兆君(2008)。電子業放流水中全氟化物流布之研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Pielke, Roger A.(2007)。The honest broker: Making sense of science in policy and politics。Cambridge University Press。  new window
2.Smith, Ted、Sonnefeld, David A.、Pellow, David Naguib(2006)。Challenging the Chip: Labor Rights and Environmental Justice in the Global Electronics Industry。Philadelphia, PA：Temple University Press。  new window
3.Keller, A. Campbell(2009)。Science in Environmental Policy: The Politics of Objective Advice。Cambridge, Mass：MIT Press。  new window
4.O'Rourke, J. Dara(2003)。Community-driven regulation: balancing development and the environment in Vietnam。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
5.Michaels, David(2008)。Doubt is Their Product: How Industry's Assault on Science Threatens Your Health。New York, NY：Oxford University Press。  new window
6.Ascher, William、Steelman, Toddi A.、Healy, Robert G.(2010)。Knowledge and Environmental Policy: Re-Imagining the Boundaries of Science and Politics。Cambridge, Massachusetts：MIT Press。  new window
7.Cole, J.、Foster, S.(2005)。Street Science: Community Knowledge and Environmental Health Justice。Cambridge, MA：The MIT Press。  new window
8.Davis, Debra L.(2002)。When Smoke Ran Like Water: Tales of Environmental Deception and the Battle Against Pollution。New York, NY：Basic Books。  new window
9.Fischer, Frank(2009)。Democracy and Expertise: Reorienting Policy Inquiry。Oxford University Press。  new window
10.Jasanoff, Sheila(1990)。The Fifth Branch: Science Advisors as Policymakers。Cambridge, Mass：Harvard University Press。  new window
11.Douglas, Mary、Wildavsky, Aaron(1982)。Risk and Culture: An Essay on the Selection of Technical and Environmental Dangers。University of California Press。  new window
12.Hess, David J.(2007)。Alternative Pathways in Science and Industry: Activism, Innovation and the Environment in an Era of Globalization。The MIT Press。  new window
13.Jasanoff, Sheila(2004)。States of Knowledge: The Co-Production of Science and the Social Order。Routledge。  new window
14.Brigden, Kevin、Labunska, Iryna、Santillo, David、Walters, Adam(2007)。Cutting Edge Contamination。The Netherlands：Greenpeace International。  new window
15.Mazurek, Jan(1999)。Making Microchips: Policy, Globalization, and Restructuring in the Semiconductor Industry。Cambridge, MA：MIT Press。  new window
16.Pellow, N. D.、Park, L. S.-H.(2002)。The Silicon Valley of Dream: Environmental Injustice, Immigrant Workers and the High-Tech Global Economy。New York, NY：New York University Press。  new window
圖書論文
1.Chang, Shenglin、Chiu, Hua-Mei、Tu, Wen-Ling(2006)。Breaking the Silicon Silence: Voicing Health and Environmental Impacts within Taiwan's Hsinchu Science Park。Challenging the chip: Labor rights and environmental justice in the global electronics industry。Philadelphia, PA：Temple University Press。  new window
2.杜文苓(2014)。高科技發展下的環境治理困境：台灣經驗的省思。兩岸社會發展的挑戰與轉型。台北：巨流。  延伸查詢new window
3.杜文苓、邱花妹(2011)。反高科技汚染運動的發展與策略變遷。晚近二十年來的台灣行動主義。台北：群學。  延伸查詢new window
4.Myers, N. J.(2006)。introduction。Precautionary tools for reshaping environmental policy。Cambridge, MA：MIT Press。  new window
5.Wynne, Brian(2007)。Risky delusions: Misunderstanding science and misperforming publics in the GE Crops Issue。Genetically engineered crops: Interim policies, uncertain legislation。Haworth Press。  new window
6.Beck, Ulrich、汪浩(200402)。職業的去標準化。風險社會：通往另一個現代的路上。臺北：巨流圖書公司。  延伸查詢new window
7.Byster, L. A.、Smith, T.(2006)。The Electronics Production Life Cycle. From Toxics to Sustainability: Getting off the Toxic Treadmill。Challenging the Chip: Labor Rights and Environmental Justice in the Global Electronics Industry。Philadelphia, PA：Temple University Press。  new window
8.LaDou, Joseph(2006)。Occupational Health in the Semiconductor Industry。Challenging the Chip: Labor Rights and Environmental Justice in the Global Electronics Industry。Philadelphia, PA：Temple University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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