In this paper, the text of the Koa-a-chheh "Tai-seng Bin-chu Koa", published in 1897, is used for study. Along with contemporary historical data of that era, the theme of national identity is studied. The relationship among Taiwanese, Chinese, and Japanese in 1895 is analyzed, the tension among them discussed. Subjects such as war and peace, life and death, acceptance or revolt, loyalty v. betrayal vis-a-vis national identity are also looked at. I hope, from this paper, to make the people of Taiwan in the 21st century reflect and think on their present and past.