The Japanese electoral system has been distinctive in its use of the single nontransferable vote (SNTV). Under SNTV, three to five members were elected from each constituency based on a simple majority of votes. However, a series of corruption scandals since 1986 have damaged confidence in the political system, and undermined the one-party dominance of the Liberal Democratic Party. As a result, in November 1994 Diet passed new measures transforming the electoral district magnitude of the House of Representatives into a mixed-member system, combining single member districts and PR party lists. It tell us a lesson: political reform is not easy, and is a process of negotiation.