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題名：公共企業精神:公共企業家的角色與批判
書刊名：空大行政學報
作者：盧建旭
出版日期：1995
卷期：4
頁次：頁131-174
主題關鍵詞：企業型政府；公共企業家；政策企業家；革新；公共領導；Entrepreneurial government；Public entrepreneur；Policy entrepreneur；Innovation；Public leadership
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(8) 博士論文(3) 專書(2) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:8
  • 共同引用共同引用:74
  • 點閱點閱:79
　　　　　傳統官僚型政府已不能滿足現代民眾多元需求，尤以缺乏財源的地方政府為劇，以致公共財政因難，企業型政府為刻不容緩的訴求。本文研究日約於公共領;草池求金業問拓精神，創意地執行公共乎務，有效地運用公用資源。主旨從企業家個人層觀論起，確信成功的企業性政府主要來自公共企業家的創新助力與泱1C毅力。上個研究問題為:"公共企業家"的定義與角色為何?其專注政策議匙的公共特質$，3行政首長型正式權威特質有何區別?其在政府革新與學習過程申的活動為何?如果貫徹公共企業精神，叉會對公共行政理論與實務、民主政治制度產生什麼銜雌?在理論上是否可能建構一個較可行的架構，藉以制定出公共企業精神的貧務策略?針對研究問題，本文主要分成五部份做分析批判，第一、對公共企業家的廂泛定義，做概觀式介紹，不僅突出"企業家"一詞在經濟學內涵上所含的閘拓革新梢神，亦強調引用至公共部門後，其所覆加的1C理/社會、管理等非經碎內涵的多榴向概念。第二、分辨出其為政策型企業家，扮演公共領磚角色，致力於公共乎務議嫂設定與新政策領域的開拓，與政治首長型企業家特質的不同，不僅於人格發展行為上有商低之別，兩者亦於承諾貢獻公共領域的程度上有高低。第三、探討公共企業家在組織革新決策過程的動態活動，以及如何排除抗拒改革的階段。第四、從五個問題層面批判公共企業家的概念，包含了懷疑其動機是否符合公共利益、現行法制與體系是否能突破限制與其創新行動相配合、企業精神所欲梵施範關與層級是否布差別、政策與行政倫理層而挑戰公共企業家的佣人英雄理念、與刮L脫制度限制的公共企業精神是否真正與民主政治理念共容性的問題。第五、吐批出一一個對公共企某精神約三層次架構，由抽象列明確分別為:統領理念革新、組織設計與變速、明確操作方法，並制定出政策型、組織型、與經濟/財政型策略，藉以建議在台灣的公共企業家可行的實務策略。
　　　　　Traditional bureaucratic governments continually fail to meet the citizens'demands, while the disgruntled public are disclaiming further taxation in Financing futile governmental expenditure. As a result, local governments have beenfrustrated in seeking resources to sustain soaring expenditure. It is an imperativefor both public managers and the public to transform bureaucratic government intoentrepreneurial. The goal of the paper is to call for the entrepreneurial practicesinto the public sector, in order to implement public policies creatively, and tomanage public resources effectively. Viewing from individual cause viewpoint, thesuccess of entrepreneurial government depends on that public entrepreneur (PE) iscreative, innovative, decisive. The theme is set to answer five research questions: what are PE's definition and his/her role in policy making process? What kind ofpersonal characteristics are differentiating between policy entrepreneur fulfilling public leadership role, and executive entrepreneur enforcing formal authority? What really PE does in the process of reinventing government and public learning? What impacts on public administration theory and practice as well as democraticinstitutions if public entrepreneurship is fully carried out? Is it possible toconceptualize a logical framework as practical guideline? The study consists of five sections of analysis. First, the paper is to overview thevarious definitions of PE. Since the very concept is borrowed from the private sector, entrepreneurship inevitably reveals the characteristics of innovation and creativity associated with economic/financial means. However, being transformed into thepublic sphere, PE becomes a multi-dimensional concept in terms of non-economical perspectives such as psychological/sociological, managerial focuses. Second, policyentrepreneur often plays the role of public leader, endeavors in setting new public agenda and exploiting policy arena. In contrast, executive entrepreneur simplylacks of commitments to public welfare and fails to demonstrate mutual personality. Third, it is important to recognize the PE's competence in alleviating any resistance toward innovation. Fourth, five distinct critiques are proposed. The concerns arewhether PE's motives fits the public interests; whether existent public institutions support innovative actions; whether there is any limit on the scope and governmental level of entrepreneurship; whether PE 's heroism jeopardizes policyand administrative ethics; whether entrepreneurial practices are truly reconcilable with democracy? Fifth, a three-level-of-analysis framework is conceptualized through abstract to specific degree: reinventing governance ethos, reorganizing public organizations, and modifying public operations. Thus policy, organizational, and economic/financial strategies are orderly set as feasible recommendations forpublic entrepreneurs in Taiwan.
期刊論文
1.Bygrave, W. D.、Hofer, C. W.(1991)。Theorizing about Entrepreneurship。Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice，16(2)，13-23。  new window
2.Naffziger, D. W.、Hornsby, J. S.、Kuratko, D. F.(1994)。A Proposed research model of entrepreneurial motivation。Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice，18(3)，29-42。  new window
3.Ramamurti, R.(1986)。Public entrepreneurs: Who they are and how they operate。California Management Review，28(3)，142-158。  new window
4.Bellone, Carl J.、Goerl, George Frederick(1993)。In Defense of Civic-Regarding Entrepreneurship or Helping Wolves to Promote Good Citizenship。Public Administration Review，53(4)，396-398。  new window
5.Marmo, T. R.、Fellman, P.(1986)。Policy Entrepreneurship in Government: An American Study。Journal of Public Policy，6，225-253。  new window
6.Schneider, M.、Teske, P.(1992)。Toward A Theory of The Political Entrepreneur: Evidence From Local Government。American Political Science，86(3)，737-747。  new window
7.Waddock, S. A.、Post, J. E.(1991)。Social Entrepreneurs and Catalytic Change。Public Sii ministrati on Review，51(5)，393-407。  new window
8.Brudney, J. L.(1993)。Volunteer Involvement in the Delivery of Public Services: Advantages and Disadvantages。Public Productivity & Management Review，16(3)，283-297。  new window
9.Hofer, C. W.、Bygrave, W. D.(1992)。Researching entrepreneurship。Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice，16(3)，91-100。  new window
10.陳金貴(19950500)。公共部門建立公共志工組織的探討。人事月刊，20(5)=117，13-23。  延伸查詢new window
11.Gundry, L. K.、Kickul, J. R.、Prather, C. W.(1994)。Building the creative organization。Organizational Dynamics，22(4)，22-37。  new window
12.McGill, Michael E.、Slocum, John W. Jr.、Lei, David T.(1994)。The New Learning Strategy: Anytime, Anything, Anywhere。Organizational Dynamics，23(2)，33-47。  new window
13.Osborne, David(1993)。Reinventing Government。Public Productivity & Management Review，16(4)，349-356。  new window
14.黃錦堂(19910500)。縣（市）財政困窘之根源及其對策。政治科學論叢，2，105-133。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.Goodsell, C. T.(1993)。Reinvent Government or Rediscover It?。Public Administration Review，53(1)，85-87。  new window
16.Lewis, E.(1988)。Public Entrepreneurship and The Teleology of Technology。Administration & Society，20(1)，109-126。  new window
17.孫本初(19950500)。學習型組織的內涵與運用。空大行政學報，3，1-17。new window  延伸查詢new window
18.Hall, Gene(1994)。改革的六大心理調適。管理雜誌，293(5)，126。  延伸查詢new window
19.Brophy, D. J.、Shulman, J. M.(1992)。A Finance Perspective on Entrepreneurship Research。Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice，17(1)，61-71。  new window
20.Bellone, C. J.、Goerl, G. F.(1992)。Reconciling Entrepreneurship and Democracy。Public Administration Review，52(2)，130-134。  new window
21.Bygrave, W. D.(1989)。The Entrepreneurship Paradigm (I): A Philosophical Look At Its Research Methodologies。Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice，14(1)，7-26。  new window
22.Butler, R.(1994)。Reinventing British Government。Public Administration，72，263-270。  new window
23.Berry, F. S.(1994)。Managerial Excellence in the Public Sector。Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory，4(1)，89-92。  new window
24.Giamartino, G. A.、McDougall, P. P.、Bird, B. J.(1993)。Intentional Entrepreneurship: The State of the Field。Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice，18(3)，37-42。  new window
25.Epstein, P. D.(1993)。Reinventing Government Is Not Enough: Invest in Government Productivity Growth。Public Productivity & Management Review，16(4)，357-369。  new window
26.Grady, D. O.(1992)。Promoting Innovations in the Public Sector。Public Productivity & Management Review，16(2)，157-171。  new window
27.Heron, L.、Sapienza, H. J.、Smith-Cook, D.(1992)。Entrepreneurship Theory form an Interdisciplinary Perspective: Volume II。Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice，17(1)，5-11。  new window
28.Hisrich, R. D.(1990)。Entrepreneurship/Intrapreneurship。American Psychologist，45(2)，209-222。  new window
29.Johnnison, B.(1987)。Anarchists and Organizers: Entrepreneurs in a Network Perspective。International Studies of Management and Organization，17，49-63。  new window
30.King, P. J.、Roberts, N. C.(1992)。An Investigation into the Personality Profile of Policy Entrepreneurs。Public Productivity & Management Review，16(2)，173-190。  new window
31.Lewis, L. K.、Seibold, D. R.(1993)。Innovation Modification During Intraorganizational Adoption。Academy of Management Review，18(2)，322-354。  new window
32.Krueger, N. F. Jr.、Brazeal, D. V.(1994)。Entrepreneurial Potential and Potential Entrepreneurs。Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice，18(3)，91-104。  new window
33.Moe, R. C.、Stanton, T. H.(1989)。Government-Sponsored Enterprises as Federal Instrumentalities: Reconciling Private Management with Public Accountability。Public Administration Review，49(4)，321-329。  new window
34.Mitchell, T. R.、Scott, W. G.(1987)。Leadership Failure, the Distrusting Public, and Prospects of the Administrative State。Public Administration Review，47(6)，445-452。  new window
35.Roberts, N. C.、King, P. J.(1991)。Policy Entrepreneur Their Activity Structure and Function in the Policy Process。Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory，2(1)，147-175。  new window
36.Rhodes, R. A. W.(1994)。Reinventing Government Excellence: Or How Best-Sellers Thwart the Search for Lessons to Transform the Public Sector。Public Administration，72，281-289。  new window
37.Starr, J. A.、MacMillan, I. C.(1990)。Resource Cooptation Via Social Contracting: Resource Acquisition Strategies for New Ventures。Strategic Management Journal，11，79-92。  new window
38.Terry, L. D.(1993)。Why We Should Abandon the Misconceived Quest to Reconcile Public Entrepreneurship with Democracy: A Response to Bellone and Goerl's "Reconciling Public Entrepreneurship and Democracy"。Public Administration Review，53(4)，393-395。  new window
39.Walker, J. L.(1974)。Performance Gaps, Policy Research, & Political Entrepreneurs。Policy Studies Journal，3，112-116。  new window
40.Vesper, K. H.(1988)。Entrepreneurial Academics--How Can We Tell When the Field is Getting Somewhere?。Journal of Business Venturing，3(1)，1-10。  new window
41.Teske, P.、Schneider, M.(1994)。The Bureaucratic Entrepreneur The Case of City Managers。Public Administration Review，54(4)，331-340。  new window
42.Terry, L. D.(1990)。Leadership in Administrative State: The Concept of Administrative Conservatorship。Administration & Society，21，395-412。  new window
43.Zegans, M. D.(1992)。Innovation in the Well-Function Public Agency。Public Productivity & Management Review，16(2)，141-156。  new window
44.Krueger, N. F.(1993)。The impact of prior entrepreneurial exposure on perceptions of new venture feasibility and desirability。Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice，18(1)，5-21。  new window
會議論文
1.Roberts, N. C.、King, P. J.(1989)。Public Entrepreneurship: A Typology。The Academy of Management Meetings, Public Sector Dicision。  new window
圖書
1.Conger, Jay A.(1992)。Learning to Lead: The Art of Transforming Managers into Leaders。San Francisco, CA：Jossey-Bass。  new window
2.Pinchot, G.(1985)。Intrapreneuring: Why you don't have to leave the corporation to become an entrepreneur。New York：Harper and Row。  new window
3.Merritt, R. L.、Merritt, A. J.(1985)。Innovation in the Public Sector。CA：Sage。  new window
4.Polsby, Nelson W.(1984)。Political Innovation in America: The Politics of Policy Initiation。New Haven, CT：Yale University Press。  new window
5.Rainey, H. G.(1991)。Understanding and Managing Public Organizations。San Francisco, CA：Jossey-Bass Publishers。  new window
6.Argyris, Chris(1993)。Knowledge for Action: A Guide to Overcoming Barriers to Organizational Change。San Francisco, CA：Jossey-Bass Publishers。  new window
7.Drucker, P. F.(1985)。Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Practice and Principles。New York：Harper Collins。  new window
8.Lewis, E.(1984)。Public Entrepreneurship: Toward A Theory of Bureaucratic Political Power。Indiana：Indian University Press。  new window
9.安藤嘉昭、林巾力、許錫慶(1988)。二十一世紀革新領導。台北：中國生產力中心。  延伸查詢new window
10.Bonoma, Thomas V.、Zaltman, Gerald、余振忠(1994)。實用管理心理學。臺北市：遠流出版事業股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
11.高希均(1994)。觀念播種：高希均文集I。台北：天下文化。  延伸查詢new window
12.Barzeley, M.、Armajani, B.(1992)。Breaking Through Bureaucracy: A New Vision for Managing Government。CA：University of California Press。  new window
13.Cohen, S.(1988)。The Effective Public Manager Achieving Success in Government。CA：Jossey Bass。  new window
14.Caro, R. A.(1975)。The Power Broker。New York：Randon House。  new window
15.Doig, J. W.、Hargrove, E. C.(1987)。Leadership and Innovation: A Biographical Perspective on Entrepreneurs in Government。Johns Hopkins University Press。  new window
16.Denhardt, R. A.(1993)。The Pursuit of Significance: Strategies for Managing Success in Public Organizations。Belmont, CA：Wadsworth。  new window
17.Doig, Jameson W.、Hargrove, Erwin C.(1990)。Leadership and Innovation: A Biographical Perspective on Entrepreneurship in Government。MD：Johns Hopkins University Press。  new window
18.Kanter, R. M.、Stein, B. A.、Jick, T. D.(1993)。The Challenge of Organizational Change。New York：The Free Press。  new window
19.Loomis, B.(1988)。The New American Politician: Ambition, Entrepreneurship and Changing Face of Political Life。New York：Basic Books。  new window
20.Mollenkopf, J.(1986)。The Contested City。NJ：Princeton University Press。  new window
21.Moore, B.(1983)。The Entrepreneur in Local Government。Washington, D.C.：International City Management Association。  new window
22.Osborne, D.、Gaebler, T.(1992)。Reinventing Government: How the Entrepreneurial Spirit is Transforming the Public Sector。Addison Wesley Publishing Co.。  new window
23.Reich, R. B.(1990)。Public Management in a Democratic Society。NJ：Prentice-Hall。  new window
24.Stever, J.(1988)。The End of Public Administration: Problems of the Profession in the Post-Progressive Era。New York：Transactional Book。  new window
25.Stevenson, H.、Roberts, M.、Grousbeck, H.(1989)。New Business Ventures and the Entrepreneur。MA：Irwin。  new window
26.Rogers, Everett M.(1983)。Diffusion of Innovation。New York：Free Press。  new window
27.Kingdon, John W.(1984)。Agenda, Alternatives, and Public Policies。Little, Brown。  new window
28.Burns, James MacGregor(1978)。Leadership。Harper & Row。  new window
圖書論文
1.Aldrich, H. E.、Zimmer, C.(1986)。Entrepreneurship through Social Networks。The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship。Ballinger Publishing Co.。  new window
2.薄慶玖(1995)。自治二法對台灣地區政治生態的影響。地方自治論述專輯。台北：內政部。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.董保城(1995)。省縣自治法若干問題之探討。地方自治論述專輯。內政部。  延伸查詢new window
4.Roberts, N.、King, P. J.(1989)。The Process of Public Policy Innovation。Research on The Management of Innovation。Cambridge, MA：Ballinger。  new window
5.Stivers, C.(1990)。Active Citizenship in Public Administration。Refounding Public Administration。Newbury Park, CA.：Sage。  new window
6.李金桐、朱澤民(1995)。當前地方稅制之檢討與改進方向。地方自治論述專輯。  延伸查詢new window
7.周賢洋(1995)。關於地方財政立法問題之探討。地方自治論述專輯。  延伸查詢new window
8.雷飛龍(1995)。地方自治當前的問題。地方自治論述專輯。  延伸查詢new window
9.Denhardt, R. B.、Prelgovisk, K.(1992)。Public Leadership: A Developmental Perspective。Executive Leadership in the Public Service。AL：University of Alabama Press。  new window
10.Ramamurt, R.(1986)。Effective Leadership of Public Sector Organizations: The Case of Policy Entrepreneur?。Research in Public Policy Analysis & Management。  new window
11.Starr, J. A.、MacMillan, I. C.(1991)。Entrepreneurship, Resource Cooptation, and Social Contracting。Socio-Economics: Toward a New Synthesis。New York：M. E. Sharpe。  new window
12.Rogers, E. M.、Kim, J. I.(1985)。Diffusion of Innovations in Public Organization。Innovation in the Public Sector。CA：Sage。  new window
13.Stevenson, H. H.、Jarillo, J. C.(1991)。A New Entrepreneurial Paradigm。Socio-Economics: Toward a New Synthesis。New York：M. E. Sharpe。  new window
14.Walker, J. L.(1981)。The Diffusion of Knowledge, Policy Communities and Agenda Setting。New Strategic Perspectives on Social Policy。New York：Pergamon Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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