正統衰落、邊緣上升是從晚清到民初中國學術走向的一個重要特徵。道咸以降， 學術界的思想資源和發展流變都呈現出一種多元並進之勢。以乾嘉考據為代表的經學漸失控 制地位，過去長期處於邊緣的史學則可見明顯的地位上升，到民初一度居主流地位。本文從 學術演變的內外理路探討經學從學術中心到邊緣而史學從邊緣到中心這樣一個易位的過程， 首先著手學術史的社會史考察，剖析乾嘉以來清代考據學中存在的經學系統與史學系統，及 兩者相互之關係；其次做學術史的思想史考察，探討史學在近代的道德提升，到「國粹即史 」、「愛國必須先知歷史」的高度。兩者的相互作用促成了經史易位的完成，到民國時考據 法已基本落實在史學陣營之中。

　　　　　The decline of the establishment and the rise of peripheral and subordinate elements was an important characteristic of the late Ch'ing and early Republican periods. Starting the late nineteenth century, academia became more diversified in its intellectual resources and development. The evidential style (K'ao-cheng) of classical studies which hadbeen in the ascendant during the 1730s-1820s gradually lost its dominant position, while historical studies left the periphery and assumed acentral role. This essay explores the course of the replacement of theevidential style by historical studies. First, from the perspective of sociological history, it investigates and analyzes the relationship between classical studies and historical studies within evidential scholarship; second, from the perspective of intellectual history, it examines the elevation of historical studies to a position of primary importance. It was the interaction between the above two trends which facilitated the replacement of class cal studies by historical studies.