本研究試圖分析臺中市1440位高中高職在學學生之隨機樣本資料，以驗證母親對子女學業成就的影響之相關命題。分析的重點強調以下三個層面：（1）母親文化資本（教育程度）對子女學業成就的影響，（2）母親經濟資源（經濟所得）對子女學業成就的影響，以及（3）母親監督角色(是否就業)對子女學業成就的影響。此外，本研究也依以上三個層面，比較母親與父親對子女學業成就的相對影響力。經由雙變項分析與邏輯迴歸分析等統計分析方法研究所成立的5個假設，進行檢定。資料分析結果發現：母親的教育對兒子與女兒的學業成就均有顯著的正向影響;母親的經濟所得對兒子與女兒的學業成就都沒有顯著的影響；母親就業對兒子學業成就有顯著的負向影響，但對女兒的學業成就卻沒有顯著的影響。母親與父親對子女學業成就的相對影響方面：雖然母親的教育對兒子與女兒的學業成就都有顯著的影響，然而父親的教育僅對女兒教育成就有顯著的正向影響，對兒子的教育成就卻沒有顯著的影響；父親與母親的監督角色均對兒子的學業成就具有顯著的正向影響，但對女兒的學業成就卻都沒有顯著的影響。本文對上述各項發現的理論意涵也有所說明。

This research attempted to verify some propositions, which are related to the effects of mother on her children's school performance, by using the sample data, which were consisted of 1440 students from 15 different high schools at Taichung city. Data analysis was focused on three dimensions: (1) the effect of mother's cultural capital (education) on her children's school performance, (2)the effect of mother's economic resources (economic income) on her children's school performance, and (3) the effect of mother's supervisory role (housewife/working woman) on her children's school performance. Besides, this research tried to compare the relative effects on children's school performance between mother and father, based on the three dimensions of above. By using Bivariate Analysis and Logistic Regression Analysis to test the five hypotheses in this research, there were some findings turned out: (1) mother's education (cultural capital) significantly effected on either son's or daughter'school performance, (2) working mother's economic income (economic resources) did not significantly effect on either son's or daughter's school performance, and (3) mother's supervisory role (housewife/working woman) significantly effected on son's school performance, but did not significantly effect on daughter's school performance, About the relative effects on children's school performance between mother and father: while mother's education significantly effected on either son's or daughter's school performance, father's education significantly effected on only daughter's school performance; both mother's and father's supervisory roles significantly effected on son's school performance, but neither one effected on daughter's school performance. The sociological implications for the findings in this research were presented.