對唐山、汶川、玉樹三次大地震的遇難者集體"亡靈"的悼念、祭祀與超度問題的梳理,可以展現現代中國社會巨大變遷的一個重要側面,有助于分析"亡靈"作為生者記憶遇難者的裝置所具有的意義,以及民俗學研究"亡靈"相關課題的必要性。集體遇難者的"亡靈"無法僅在個人或家庭層面予以對應,而是需要國家和社會層面予以撫慰;與此同時,中國的國家行政和社會輿論也總是會遭遇到各種形態的"亡靈"問題。

Through sorting out the issue of mourning,sacrifice and salvation of the collective"dead"among Tangshan,Wenchuan,Yushu earthquake victims,this paper is to present an important aspect of great changes in modern Chinese society,and to analyze the significance of"the dead"as the memory of victims,and the necessity of"the dead"topics in folklore research.The"dead"of collective victims can not be corresponded only at the individual or household level,but need to be comforted at a national and social level.And at the same time,the Chinese state administration and public opinion are always encountering various forms of"the dead"problems.