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題名:軟體產品開發之專案特質、同步活動與績效關係之研究--以應用軟體為例
作者:鄭錳新
作者(外文):Man-Shin Cheng
校院名稱:國立政治大學
系所名稱:企業管理學系
指導教授:賴士葆
溫肇東
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2001
主題關鍵詞:軟體開發同步工程software developmentconcurrent engineering
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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同步工程在開發硬體產品時的應用日益普遍,本研究探討軟體產品開發時的專案特質、同步活動與專案績效之關係,並且比較軟體與硬體的差異。
本研究經由文獻整理與個案訪談,以國內開發應用軟體的專案團隊為對象,分析單位為軟體產品開發專案。問卷發放的對象是軟體協會的成員,共計發出450份問卷,回收111份問卷,扣除4份無效問卷,剩餘有效問卷107份,故有效回卷率為23.8%。
由實證研究中發現,軟體類型會影響階段同步程度、溝通頻率;目標困難度稍微會影響早期參與程度;需求穩定性稍微會影響溝通頻率;整體考量程度會影響早期參與程度、而稍微影響溝通頻率;當專案成員的工作地點不同時,電子郵件的重要性與使用頻率皆較地點相同時高。
同步活動與專案績效的關係,研究結果顯示,階段同步程度會影響資源性績效;而早期參與程度、溝通頻率,與專案績效的關係並不顯著。至於,專案特質對同步活動與專案績效關係的影響,研究結果顯示,階段同步程度與資源性績效之關係,會受軟體類型、目標困難度、需求穩定性的影響。早期參與程度與管理性績效之關係,會受目標困難度的影響;而早期參與程度與資源性績效之關係,稍微受到整體考量程度的影響。溝通頻率與功能性績效之關係,會受目標困難度的影響。故綜合言之,專案特質(包括軟體類型、目標困難度、需求穩定性)會影響階段同步程度與資源性績效的關係,而對其他同步活動的專案績效影響不明顯;而目標困難度,比其他的專案特質,更會影響同步活動與專案績效的關係。所以,在軟體開發過程中,將開發階段同步進行,可以明顯地提升資源性績效,亦即可以縮短開發時間、節省成本;而要同步進行開發時,需考慮專案的目標困難度、需求穩定性、軟體類型,才能得到良好的績效。
本研究最後比較開發軟體產品與硬體產品的差異,並且獲得的實務涵意如下:1.開發不同類型的軟體,採取不同的同步活動。2.開發軟體時,應考慮目標困難度。3.考慮專案的需求穩定性。4.考慮模組間的相依性。5.考慮溝通方式。6.開發階段中,各階段的同步程度不同。
Concurrent engineering is popular in developing hardware product. This paper focus on software development with concurrent engineering, and study the relationship in project characteristics and project performance.
The paper offers several implications for practicing managers in software development. First, it demonstrates that concurrency is according with software categories. Secondly, project managers should consider project complexity, requirement stableness, dependency of task, and communication method in software development. Further, stage of coding program can be high concurrency with stage of unit testing.
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