:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:資訊科技融入教學的模式與學生學習因素之研究
作者:劉世雄 引用關係
作者(外文):Shih-Hsiung Liu
校院名稱:國立屏東師範學院
系所名稱:教育行政研究所
指導教授:尹玫君
劉慶中
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2005
主題關鍵詞:資訊科技融入教學教學模式教學資源模式科技情境模式科技整合模式行動研究Integrate technology into instructionModels of teachingInstructional material modelTechnology situation modelModel of combined cyberspace with realityAction research
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(7) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:5
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:40
本研究的目的在於發展資訊科技融入教學的模式,並試圖在教學現場應用實施與反省修正,以及探討學生在學習因素中表現情形,最後並驗證教學模式的可行性以及提出實際運用資訊科技融入教學時應關注的焦點。
本研究以文獻分析的初步結論提出教學資源模式、科技情境模式和科技整合模式三種運用資訊科技融入教學的模式,以及分析相關研究文獻,歸納相關的學習因素;其次,編擬實際的教案實施教學,藉由教師的行動省思逐步修正教學模式之步驟;第三,研究者以自編問卷,進行前後測,並進行描述性統計分析、單因子共變數分析、t考驗以及典型相關分析,探討學生在學習因素的表現情形。本研究對象為五年級學生,三種模式各以一班為實驗組,另選擇一班為控制組,人數各約為32人。過程性資料採取行動研究分析,而結果性資料則以準實驗研究設計,依據理論的分析與實驗教學的結果,提出主要的研究發現與結論如下。
一、資訊科技融入教學的模式發展與修正旨在促進學生進行有意義的學習。教學資源模式提供貼近真實的媒體,促進學習內容的理解;科技情境模式培養學生運用資訊科技學習的策略;而科技整合模式則提供與他人互動、省思所學與依自我進度學習的機會。當教師依據學生的學習情形修改教學步驟後,學生逐漸獲得學習策略,學習也趨於深度且具有意義。
二、學生的學習動機依教學模式而有所提升或低落,而科技情境模式與科技整合模式的學生之學習策略則趨向實現層次。在教學中增加學習任務的行動參與是有幫助的。然而,在賦予學習任務時,應注意學習策略的指導。而在逐漸滿意自己的表現之後,也將會主動積極地運用對自己最佳的策略去完成學習任務。
三、資訊科技融入教學的模式可以在實際教學情境中應用與發展,並視學生的學習表現修正與發展。
四、學生的學習內在意圖與學習知識取得的方法與結果有高度的相關,當提供學生實際參與學習活動的機會,在培養學習策略的能力上,會有正向的表現。
五、資訊科技融入教學模式與學習表現的關係是,當運用資訊科技融入教學的方式不同,而學生在學習因素的表現也許多不同。研究顯示的結論是,並無比較優或劣或產生具一致性結果的教學方式,教師運用資訊科技融入教學的學習活動將影響學生各種學習成效的表現。
六、釐清資訊科技在教學應用的價值乃在於提供教師促進學習成效的工具,結果顯示教師對資訊科技在教學的應用之過程扮演引導知識、培養能力與促進學習等關鍵性的角色。
本研究針對研究發現與結論,對資訊科技融入教學與未來研究做成建議,研究建議如下。
一、資訊科技融入教學的過程宜重視學習的內在意圖與學習知識取得的結果以及策略的培養,並積極促進有意義的學習。
二、教師運用資訊科技融入教學之策略宜多元。
三、教師在教學前中後需檢視學生的能力與學習過程的影響。
四、教師在教學過程中提供行動參與的機會,以提升學習意圖;融入學習策略的培養,以獲得更多的知識與方法。
五、教師可依學習活動的特性選擇本研究之資訊科技融入教學的模式。
六、未來的研究可在學習因素與模式的建構上多著墨。
The purposes of this study were to develop the teaching models of integrating technology into instruction and to assess students’ learning effects.
Three teaching models based on the literature and learning theory, were developed. The researcher processed an experimental study, reflected and corrected the instructional processes of these models by action research, and, analyzed the students’ performances in learning factors by statistic methods.
Four 5th grade classes were sampled to participate the experiment. There were about 32 students in one class.
The findings of this study were as follows:
1.The teaching models of integrating technology into instruction were facilitating meaningful learning. Students’ learning will tends towards the depth and meaningful by using suitable instructional technology
2.Students'' learning motivation getting better or worse to some extent because of using different teaching method in different models. But, in the technology situation model and the model of combined cyberspace with reality, students'' learning strategies were improved gradually. It was helpful to increase the students’ participation which studied the learning task.
3.Three teaching models of integrating technology into instruction could be used and developed in the actual teaching situation, and teachers could revise to accordance with students’ learning outcomes.
4.The teacher could arrange the activity in order to let students take action and participate in learning and could train students'' learning strategies.
5.When teachers used the different models, students’ performances were also different.
6.Teachers were the key role of integrating technology into instruction.
And, the suggestions of this study as follows:
1.Teachers have to pay close attention to both students’ intention and learning strategies in the teaching processes of integrating technology into instruction. Because the students’ learning intention and acquisition of knowledge were relevant.
2.While using the teaching method of integrating technology into instruction, teachers should changed more in accordance with different instructional material.
3.Before teaching, teachers should know students’ prior knowledge and computer skills.
The models developed by this study can be corrected and developed constantly.
一、中文部分
王全世 (民88)。資訊融入各科教學之內涵與實施。資訊與教育雙月刊,80,23-30。
朱則剛(民85)。建構主義對教學設計的意義。教學科技與媒體,26,3-12。new window
朱彩馨(民91)。以科技中介架構探討線上學習成效之詮釋研究。國立中山大學資訊管理學系研究所博士論文。未出版。new window
朱湘吉(民83)。教學科技的發展理論與方法。台北:五南。new window
何榮桂(民91)。資訊融入各科教學的意義與策略。資訊與教育雙月刊,88,1-2。
李長燦(民92)。發展對話與反省社群的國小數學教學模式之研究- Vygotsky「可能發展區」概念的探討與實踐。國立高雄師範大學教育學系博士論文。未出版。new window
李建億、陳俊源(民92)。概念導引式網際網路學習環境對認知結構影響之研究。台南師院學報。37(1)。19-37。new window
利亞蒨(民91)。網路輔助教學在國小數學學習領域學習成效、學習態度之影響研究。國立屏東師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文。未出版。
邱俊宏(民93)。多媒體電腦輔助教學對國小學童學習線對稱圖形成效之研究。國立屏東師範學院數理教育研究所碩士論文。未出版。
邱貴發(民85)。情境學習理念與電腦輔助學習―學習社群理念探討。台北:師大書苑。
邱瓊慧(民91)。中小學資訊科技融入教學之實踐。資訊與教育雙月刊,88,3-9。
周麗萍(民90)。資訊科技融入數學領域教學。教師天地,112,52-58。
林奇賢(民84)。電腦模擬在國民中小學教學上的應用。2002年8月13日,取自http://web.ntntc.edu.tw/ntntc/84608.html
林秀珍(民92)。技職校院學生學習風格、認知型態與網路學習成效相關之研究─以程式設計為例。國立彰化師範大學工業教育學系碩士論文。未出版。
林進材(民93)。教學原理。台北:五南。
林鈺婷(民92)。網路輔助教學應用於國小自然科學習領域之研究。國立屏東師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文。未出版。
吳新華、劉世雄、吳沂木(民93)。建構科技融入主題探究的創意教學模式之行動研究。二OO四年第二屆創新與創造力研討會。台北:國立政治大學。
吳輝遠、吳正己(民92)。網際網路的教學應用﹘以國小數學科為例。資訊與教育雙月刊,88,21-27。
范光仁(民92)。虛擬化實驗室對國中生理化知識之有效學習。國立交通大學網路學習學程碩士班碩士論文。未出版。
徐新逸、林燕珍(民93)。中小學教師資訊融入教學發展模式及檢核工具之研究。教育研究集刊。50(1)。175-203。new window
徐照麗、廖宜瑤(民90)。影響運用電腦網路進行主題學習成效的因素之研究-以國小四年級一個班級的個案為例。九十學年度師範學院教育學術論文發表會論文集。321-354。。
徐綺穗(民92)。概念統整教學模式之實驗研究﹘以「階層」概念為例。國立高雄師範大學教育學系博士論文。未出版。new window
黃世烟(民91)。多媒體合作學習在英語教學上的研究-雲林縣沿海偏遠地區小學為例。國立嘉義大學國民教育研究所碩士論文。未出版。
陳年興、洪雪芬(民91)。k12數位學校的教與學-網路教學的基礎與應用。高雄:師路。
陳欣舜、蕭涵云(民92)。整合式學習。載於資策會教育訓練處:數位學習最佳指引(第四章)。台北:財團法人資訊工業策進會。
陳明溥、莊良寶、林育聖(民91)。建構式網路學習活動成效之探討。師大學報。47(2)。71-82。
陳麗紅(民93)。資訊科技融入社會科教學學習成效之研究。國立屏東師院國教所碩士論文。未出版。
黃炳煌(民85)。課程改革。台北:心理出版社。
張彥宇(民92)。運用資訊融入教學之研究。國立高雄師範大學資訊教育研究所碩士論文。未出版。
張俊彥、陳盈霖(民89)。不同電腦輔助教學(CAI)模式對高中學生「恆星演化」學習成就及其態度之影響。師大學報。45(2)。1-20。
張清源(民92)。小組互評式電子卷宗教學在國小自然科學習上之研究。國立嘉義大學教育科技研究所碩士論文。未出版。
張國恩(民88a)。從學習科技的發展看資訊融入教學的內涵。2002年9月15日,取自http://www.ntnu.edu.tw/csd/kao/kao8/6issues/1-3.htm
張國恩(民88b)。資訊融入各科教學之內涵與實施。資訊與教育雙月刊,72,2-9。
張國恩、宋曜廷、李啟龍(民91)。網路化合作探究學習系統。資訊與教育雙月刊,89,43-54。
張霄亭(民77)。視聽教育與教學媒體。台北:五南。
趙中建編譯(民80)。教學模式。。台北:五南。
劉世雄(民89)。國小教師運用資訊科技融入教學策略之探討,資訊與教育雙月刊,78,60-66
劉世雄(民90)。資訊科技融入主題探究教學之行動研究。e世代的創意教與學研討會。國立嘉義大學。
顏永進(民92)。資訊科技融入語文學習領域。資訊與教育雙月刊,88,47-55。
藍瑋煥(民91)。國一生在網路環境學習「水」的統整課程之研究。國立台灣師範大學科學教育研究所碩士論文。未出版。
羅廷瑛(民93)。兩種建構取向教學模式對國小學生「自然與生活科技領域」科學學習表現之影響。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所博士論文。未出版。new window
英文部分
Appleton, K & Asoko,H.(1996). A case study of a teacher''s progress toward using a constructivist view of learning to inform teaching in elementary science. Scicene Education, 80(2),165-180.
Abrami, P. C. (2001). Understanding and promoting complex learning using technology. Educational Research and Evaluation, 7(2). 113-136.
Baker, D. E. (2003). Online technology teaching model: A pilot test by nursing faculty. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Delaware.new window
Bangert-Drown, R. L. (1993). The word processor as an instructional tools: A meta-analysis of word processing in writing instruction. Review of education research, 63(1). 69-93.。
Bannert, M. (2000). The effects of training wheels and self-learning materials in software training. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. 16(4), 336-346.
Bennett, R., & Kottasz, R. (2001). Marketing undergraduates'' attitudes towards query-based instructional machines as a possible learning medium. British Journal of Educational Technology, 32(4), 471-482.
Berge, Z. L., Collins, M., & Dougherty, K.(2000). Design guidelines for web-based courses. In Abbey, B. (ed.), Instructional and cognitive impacts of Web-based education. 32-40. Hershey: Idea Group Publishing.
Bernardo, A. B. I. (2003). Approaches to learning and academic achievement of Filipino students. The Journal of Genetic Psychology. 164(1), 101-114.
Biggs, J. B. (1987). Student approaches to learning and studying. Hawthorne, Australia; Australian Council for Educational Research Ltd.
Blumeufeld, P., & Meece, J. (1988). Task factors, teacher behavior, anf students’ involvement and use of learning strategies in science. Elementary School Journal, 88, 234-250.
Bradford, D. C.(1999). A study of factors that influence experienced teachers in grades kindergarten through five to integrate computer technology into the teaching and learning process. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The Oregon State University.
Brown, J. S., Collins, A., & Duguid, S. (1989). Situated cognition and the culture of learning. Educational Reseacher, 18(1), 32-42.
Chan, B. K. K., Hodgkiss, I. J., & Chan, R. Y. P. (2002). A distributed learning model for freshwater ecology practical classes. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. 18(3), 309-319.
Cobb, P. & Bower, J. (1999). Cognitive and situated learning perspectives in theory and practice. Educational Researcher. 28(2), 4-15.
Cole, M. (1990). Cognitive Development and Formal Schooling: The Evidence from Cross-cultural research. In L. C. Moll(Ed.), Vygotsky and Education :Instructional Implications and Applications of Sociohistorical Psychology. 89-110 . Cambridge University Press.
Collins, A., Brown, J. S., & Newman, S. E. (1989). Cognitive apprenticeship: Teaching the crafts of reading, writing, and mathematics. In Resnick, L. B. (Ed.), Knowing, learning, and instruction (283-305). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Corno(1993). The best-laid plans: Modern conceptions of volition and educational research. Educational Research, 22, 14-22.
Cuban, L., Kirkpatrick,. H., & Peck, C. (2001) High access and low use of technologies in high school classrooms: Explaining an apparent paradox. American Educational Research Journal. 38(4), 813-834
Daley, B. J., Watkins, K., Williams, S. W., Courtenay, B., Davis, M. & Dymock, D. (2001). Exploring learning in a technology-enhanced environment. Educational Technology & Society. 4(3), 126-138.
Dixon-Krauss, L. (1996). Vygotsky in the classroom: Mediated literacy instruction and assessment. N. Y.: Longman.
Driscoll, M. P. & Dick. W. (1999). New research paradigms in instructional technology: An inquiry. Educational Technology, Research and Development. 47(2), 7-12.
Flake, J. L., McClintock, C. E. & Turner, S. (1990). Fundamentals of computer education. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Flynn, A. E., & Klein, J. D. (2001). The influence of discussion groups in a case-based learning environment. Educational Technology, Research and Development. 49(3), 71-86.
Freeman, M. W., Grimes, L. W., & Holliday, J. R. (2000). Increasing access to learning with hybrid audio-data collaboration. Educational Technology & Society. 3(3), 112-121.
Gagne’, E. D., Yekovich, C. W., & Yekovich, F. R. (1993). The cognitive psychology of school learning.
Geisert, P., & Futrell, M. (1995). Teachers, Computers and Curriculum. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Gilliver, R. S., Randall, B., & Pok, Y. M. (1998). Learning in cyberspace: shaping the future. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. 14, 212-222.
Graff, M. (2003). Learning from web-based instructional systems and cognitive style. British Journal of Educational Technology. 34(4), 407-418.
Gunter, M. A., Estes, T. H., & Schwab, J. H. (1995). Instruction: A models approach(2nd). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Handzic, M. & Tolhurst, D. (2002). Evaluating an interactive learning environment in management education. Educational Technology & Society. 5(3), 113-122.
Henderson, J.(1992). Reflective teaching: Becoming an inquiry educator. Prentic Hall Inc.
Herrington, J., & Oliver, R. (2000). An instructional design framework for authentic learning environments. Educational Technology, Research and Development. 48(3), 23-48.
Hill, J. R., & Hannafin, M. J. (1997). Cognitive strategies and learning from the World Wide Web. Educational Technology, Research and Development. 45(4), 37-64.
Hoag, A., & Baldwin, T. F. (2000). Using case method and experts in inter-university electronic learning teams. Educational Technology & Society. 3(3), 337-348.
Hong, K.-S., Ridzuan, A. A., & Kuek, M.-K. (2003). Students'' attitudes toward the use of the Internet for learning: A study at a university in Malaysia. Educational Technology & Society. 6(2), 45-49.
Hongqin, L. (2003). An investigation of a new instructional design procedure for Web-based instruction(WBI): A Delphi study. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The University of Toledo.
Irons, L. R., Jung, D. J., & Keel, R. O. (2002). Interactivity in Distance Learning: The Digital Divide and Student Satisfaction. Educational Technology & Society. 5(3), 175-188.
Jonassen, D. H.(2000). Computers as mindtools for schools. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.
Jonassen, D. H., Peck K. L. & Wilson B. G. (2000). Learning with Technology. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, Inc.
Johnson, R., & Johnson, D. (1994). Learning together and alone(4th). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Joo, Y-J., Bong, M., & Choi, H-J. (2000). Self-efficacy for self-regulated learning, academic self-efficacy, and internet self-efficacy in web-based instruction. Educational Technology, Research and Development. 48(2), 5-17.
Joyce, B., & Calhoun, E. (1998). Learning to teach inductively. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Joyce, B., & Weil, M. (2000). Models of teaching (6th). Boston: Allyn & Bacon..
Kibler, R. J. (1978). Objectives for instruction and evaluation. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
King, A. (1992). Effects of training in strategic questioning on children’s problem-solving performance. Journal of Education Psychology. 83, 307-317.
Klein, J. D. & Doran, M. S. (1999). Implementing individual and small group learning structures with a computer simulation. Educational Technology, Research and Development. 47(1), 97-110.
Ku, H-Y, & Lohr, L. L. A case study of chinese students'' attitudes toward their first online learning experience. Educational Technology, Research and Development. 51(3), 95-102.
Land, S. M., & Greene, B. A. (2000). Project-based learning with the World Wide Web: A qualitative study of resource integration. Educational Technology, Research and Development. 48(1), 45-68.
Lather, P. (1986). Research as praxis. Harvard educational review, 56(3), 257-277。。
Lather, P. (1991). Getting smart: feminist research and pedagogy with/in the postmodern. New York: Routledge.
Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral particpation. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Lawless, K.A., & Kulikowich, J.M. (1993). Reading comprehension and hypertext documents. Paper presented at the annual Southwestern Educational Research Association conference. San Antonio, Texas.
Lee, I-S. (2002). Gender differences in self-regulated on-line learning strategies within Korea''s university context. Educational Technology, Research and Development. 50(1), 101-111.
Lee, J.-S., Cho, H., Gay, G., Davidson, B., & Ingraffea, A. (2003). Technology acceptance and social networking in distance learning. Educational Technology & Society. 6(2), 50-61.
Lever-Duffy, J., McDonald, J. B. & Mizell, A. P. (2003). Teaching and learning with technology. Allyn & Bacon Companion.
Maddux, C. D., Johnson, D. L. & Willis, J. W.(1997). Educational computing : learning with tomorrow''s technologies(2nd). Boston : Allyn and Bacon.
Mayer, R. E. (1987). Educational psychology: A cognitive approach. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
McLellan, H. (1996). Situated learning: Multiple perspectives. In Mclellan, H. (ed), Situated learning perspectives. 5-18. New Jersey: Educational Technology Publications, Inc.
Mills, S. C. & Tincher, R. C. (2003). Be the technology: A developmental model for evaluating technology integration. Journal of Research on Technology in Education. 35(3). 382-401.
Navak, J. D., & Gowin, D. B. (1984). Learning how to learn. Cambridge University Press.
Newby, T. J., Stepich, D. A., Lehman, J. D. & Russell, J. D. (2000). Instructional technology for teaching and learning: design instruction, integrating computers, and using media(2nd). NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Norton, P.,&Wiburg, K. M.(1998).. Teaching with technology. New York: Harcourt Brace & Company.
Parker-Roerden, L. (1997). Net-lessons: Web-based projects for yours classroom. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly
Parsons, R. D., Hinson, S. L., & Sardo-Brown, D. ( 2001). Educational psychology :a practitioner-researcher model of teaching. Belmont. CA : Wadsworth.
Phillips, D. C. (1995). The good, the bad, and the ugly: The many faces of constructivism. Educational researcher, 24(7). 5-12.
Piaget, J. (1971). Biology and Knowledge. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Pierson, M. E. (2001). Technology integration practice as a function of pedagogical expertise. Journal of Research on Computing in Education. 33(4), 413-430.
Porter, L. R. (1997). Creating the virtual classroom: distance learning with the internet. New York: Wiley Computer Publishing.
Ragoonaden, K., & Bordeleau, P. (2000). Collaborative learning via the internet. Educational Technology & Society. 3(3), 361-372.
Rath, A. (1999). Educational computing R&D: An introduction. Journal of Research on Computing in Education. 32(2), 217-219.
Rath, A & Hsu, S. (1999). Conclusion: The need for systematic educational computing R&D. Journal of Research on Computing in Education. 32(2), 319-325.
Ravenscroft, A., & Matheson, M. P. (2002). Developing and evaluating dialogue games for collaborative e-learning. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. 18(1), 93-101.
Riding, R., & Grimley, M. (1999). Cognitive style, gender and learning from multi-media materials in 11-year-old children. British Journal of Educational Technology, 30(1), 43-56.
Roblyer, M. D. (2003). Integrating educational technology into teaching(3rd), New Jersey: Upper Saddle River.
Sabry, K., & Baldwin, L.(2003).Web-based learning interaction and learning styles. British Journal of Educational Technology, 34(4), 443-454.
Sheingold, K. (1990). Restructuring for learning with technology. The potential for synergy. In K. Sheingold & M. Tacher (Eds.), Restructuring for learning with technology (9-27). New York: Bank Street College of Education: Center for Technology in Education.
Shiratuddin, N. (2001). Internet instructional method: Effects on students’ performance. Educational Technology & Society. 4(3), 72-76.
Singhanayck, C., & Hooper, S. (1998). The effects of cooperative learning and learner control on students'' achievement, option selections, and attitudes. Educational Technology, Research and Development. 46(2), 17-33.
Slavit, D., Sawyer, R., & Curley, J. (2003). Filling your PLATE: A professional development model for teaching with technology. TechTrends. 47(4). 35-37.
Sonnenwald, D. H., & Bin L. (2003). Scientific collaboratories in higher education: exploring learning style preferences and perceptions of technology. British Journal of Educational Technology, 34(4), 419-431.
Spiro, R., Collins, B. P., Thota, J. J. & Feltovich, P. J. (2003). Cognitive flexibility theory: Hypermedia for complex learning, adaptive knowledge application, and experience acceleration. Educational Technology. 43(5). 5-10.
Spiro, R., Feltovich, P., Jacobson, M., & Coulson, R. (1992). Cognitive flexibility, constructivism, and hypertext: Random access instruction for advanced knowledge acquisition in ill-structured domains. In T. Duffy & D. Jonassen (Eds.), Constructivism and the Technology of Instruction. 57-76. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Spooner, F., Jordan, L., Algozzine, B., & Spooner, M. (1999). Student ratings of instruction in distance learning and on-campus classes. The Journal of Educational Research. 92(3), 132-140.
Thomas, M. J. W. (2002). Learning within incoherent structures: The space of online discussion forums. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. 18(3), 351-366.
Thomas, P., Carswell, L., Price, B., & Petre, M. (1999). A holistic approach to supporting distance learning using the internet: transformation, not translation. British Journal of Educational Technology. 29(2). 149-161.
Trollip, S., Lippert, R., Starfield, A., & Smith, K. A. (1992). Buliding knowledge bases: An environment for making cognitive connections. In P. Kommers. D. Jonassen, & T. Mayes (Eds)., Cognitive tools for learning. Berlin: Spring-Verlag.
Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge , MA: Harvard University Press.
Williamson, S. C.(1999). The effects of embedded metacognitive cues on learning during cooperative computer-based instruction. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The Kent State University, Ohio.
Windschitl, M. (2002). Framing Constructivism in Practice as the Negotiation of Dilemmas: An Analysis of the Conceptual, Pedagogical, Cultural, and Political Challenges Facing Teachers. Review of Educational Research. 72(2), 138-150 & 164-165.
Woolfolk, A. (2001). Educational Psychology(8th). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Uribe, D., Klein, J. D., & Sullivan, H. (2003). The effect of computer-mediated collaborative learning on solving ill-defined problems. Educational Technology, Research and Development. 51(1), 5-19.
Underwood, J., & Szabo, A. (2003). Academic offences and e-learning: individual propensities in cheating. British Journal of Educational Technology. 34(4), 467-477.
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關著作
 
無相關點閱
 
QR Code
QRCODE