文崇一（1989）。中國人的價值觀。台北市：東大出版社。
王俊明（2000）。問卷量表的編製與分析方法。載於張至滿、王俊明編：體育測驗與評鑑（139-155頁）。台北市：中華民國體育學會。
王俊明（2001）。研究方法與測量統計論文集。桃園縣：國立體育學院。
王俊明（2004）。教練工作價值觀對組織承諾、工作投入及工作滿意度的影響。台灣運動心理學報，5期，59-86頁。王宗吉（1992）。體育運動社會學。台北市：銀禾出版社。
呂奎延（2005）。台北市立公立高中運動價值觀影響因素之研究。未出版之碩士論文，台北市，國立台灣師範大學運動與休閒管理研究所。
李慈梅（2003）。我國報紙運動新聞之運動價值分析研究以民生報、中國時報為例。未出版之碩士論文，台北市，國立台灣師範大學大眾傳播研究所。
李安忠、盧俊宏（2001）。 多向度運動員精神取向量表修定研究。台灣運動心理學報，1期，47-55頁。李安忠（2001）。成就目標取向與運動員精神對於不同情境下網球選手攻擊意圖之影響研究。未出版之碩士論文，桃園縣，國立體育學院體育研究所。
李玫蓉（2004）。國中生趨向表現目標、文化價值觀與適應性學習組型之關係。未出版之碩士論文，台南市，國立成功大學教育研究所。
吳佳玟（2008）。台北市足球參與者運動價觀及社會支持之研究。未出版之碩士論文，台北市，國立台灣師範大學運動與休閒管理研究所。
吳金鳳（1998）。大專高中生運動性休閒餐與動機之迴歸分析以運動價值觀為預測變項。大專體育，38期，94-100頁。吳萬福（1995）。運動員的精神教育。體育與運動，91期，14-17頁。
林岑怡、夏淑蓉（2005）。大專網球選手成就目標取向與運動員精神取向之研究。國立體育學院論叢，16卷1期，65-72頁。林季燕、季力康（2003）。運動動機量表編製-信度與效度分析。台灣運動心理學報，2期，15-32頁。季力康、賴素玲、陳美燕（1995）。大專網球選手運動目標取向與運動動機之相關研究。體育學報，20輯，1-12頁。季力康（2000）。運動心理學。台北市：行政院體育委員會中華民國體育學會印行。
季力康（1994）。運動目標取向量表的建構效度-驗證性因素分析的應用。體育學報，18輯，299-310頁。邱皓政（2000）。量化研究與統計方析。台北市：五南圖書。
邱皓政（2003）。結構方程模式-LISREL的理論、技術與應用。台北市：雙葉書廊。
柯孟君（2006）。國中生體育價值觀之研究-以桃園縣為例。未出版之碩士論文，桃園縣，國立體育學院體育研究所。
姜義村（2007）。超越奪牌關注！追求運動競賽的核心價值。國民體育季刊，36卷4期，20-24頁。
徐瑞玉（2001）。青少年運動選手與非運動選手運動友誼及運動員精神之比較研究。未出版之碩士論文，台中市，國立台灣體育學院體育研究所。
徐明達（2003）。台南縣國中學生價值觀與其父母教養態度關係之研究。未出版之碩士論文，台南縣致遠管理學院教育研究所。
許天路、王儀旭、林裕量（2006）。排球運動價值之研究以南亞技術學院為例。復興崗體育，11期，54-66頁。
黃芳銘（2004）。社會科學統計方法學：結構方程式。台北市：五南。
黃芳銘（2002）。結構方程式：理論與應用。台北市：五南圖書公司。
黃金鵬（2002）。試論現代人的體育價值觀。南京體育學院學報，16卷4期，14-19頁。
黃明玉（1991）。我國高中學生體育運動價值觀念之研究。未出版之碩士論文，桃園縣，國立體育學院體育研究所。
陳其昌（2009a）。大學運動員的運動目標取向和團隊規範對運動員精神的影響。大專體育學刊，11卷1期，43-56頁。陳其昌（2009b）。大學運動員的運動價值觀、運動目標取向與運動團隊規範對運動道德判斷的影響。未出版之博士論文，桃園縣，國立體育大學體育研究所。陳俊銘（2010）。家長式領導行為及目標取向對運動員精神之影響。未出版之碩士論文，桃園縣，國立體育大學體育研究所。
陳文長（1997）。德國慕尼黑大學生運動價值觀之研究。大專體育，29期，33-36頁。
陳淑滿、王俊明（2005）。殘障運動員之社會化代理人、運動目標取向與運動員精神之研究。國立體育學院論叢，16卷2期，161-174頁。章宏智（2007）。國家運動選手訓練中心選手運動價值觀及其相關因素之影響。運動與遊憩研究，1卷3期，118-130頁。黃崇儒（1998）。談運動家精神之培養。中華體育，45期，1-8頁。黃英哲、季力康（1994）。運動動機氣候與自覺能力對賽前狀態焦慮和滿足感的相關研究。體育學報，18輯，321-332頁。溫富雄（2011）。三向度目標取向、道德氣氛、自我決定動機與道德功能關係之研究。未出版之博士論文，桃園縣，國立體育大學教練研究所。
張春興（1986）。心理學。台北市：東華書局。
張春興（1992）。張氏心理學辭典。台北市：東華書局。
張春興（1996）。教育心理學。台北市：東華書局。
張永政（1992）。學校專任運動教練工作價值觀與組織承諾之研究。未出版之碩士論文，桃園縣，國立體育學院體育研究所。
張永政（1995）。大專田徑運動員工作價值觀之研究。體育學報，20輯，75-86頁。張永光（2009）。國小運動員目標取向與團隊規範對非運動員精神行為之預測研究。未出版之碩士論文，台北市，台北市立體育學院運動教育研究所。
張良漢、許吉越、王明月（2005）。運動價值觀、組織承諾與運動表現滿意度之關係-以柔道選手為例。生物與休閒事業研究，3卷2期，186-195頁。張登聰（2004）。運動價值觀與運動參與行為之研究-以醒吾技術學院為例。未出版之碩士論文，台北縣，輔仁大學體育學系碩士班。詹火生、張雲、林瑞穗（1988）。社會學上冊。台北市：國立空中大學。
劉萁、黃英哲（2009）。個人態度、環境因素對國小運動員非運動家精神行為之預測。大專體育學刊，11卷3期，15-25頁。劉榮聰、張霖家（2001）。高爾夫球參與者運動價值觀差異性之研究。藝術學報，67期，155-170頁。歐宗明（2007）。分析運動員神的系統觀察法(THOMAS)。大專體育，89期，35-39頁。鍾志強（1997）。體育價值觀與體育教學。大專體育，29期，75-59頁。鍾保明（2004）。淺談目標取向與運動員精神間之關係。大專體育，75期，171-177頁。羅家倫（1992）。新人生觀。台北市：台灣商務印書館。
譚琳、黃琳（1999）。淺析體育價值觀對校園生活的影響。體育科技，20卷2期，2-6頁。
體育大辭典（1984）。教育部頒定體育大辭典。台北市：台灣商務印書書館。
Aicinena, S. (1999). One hundred and two days of “ Sportscenter“: Messages of poor sportsmanship, violence and immorality. The University of Texas, Odessa, TX.
Aiken, L. S. &; West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Ajzen, I. &; Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes, and presdicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Allison, M. (1982). Sportsmanship: Variation based on sex and degree of competitive experience. In A. O. Dunleavy, A. W. Miracle &; C. R. Rees (Eds.), Studies in the sociology of sport(pp.153-165). Fort Worth: Texas Christian University Press.
Ames, C. (1984). Competitive, cooperative, and individualistic goal structures: A cognitive-motivational analysis. In R. Ames &; C. Ames (Eds.), Research on motivationa in education (vol. 1): Student motivation (pp. 177-208). New York: Academic Press.
Ames, C. (1992). Classrooms: Goals, structures, and student motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84, 261-271.
Ames. C. &; Archer, J. (1988). Achievement goals in the classroom: Students learning strategies and motivation processes. Journal of Educational Psychology, 80, 260-267.
Arnold, P. (2003). Three approaches toward an understanding of sportsmanship. In J. Boxill (Ed.), Sports ethics. (pp.143- 150). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
Aronfreed, J. (1968). Conduct and conscience: The socialization of internalized control over behaviour. New York: Academic Press.
Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Barron, R. M. &; Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
Barrow, J. C. (1977). The avriables of leadership: A review and conceptual framework. Academy of Management Review, 2, 231-251.
Beller, J. M. &; Stoll, S. K. (1993). Sportsmanship: An antiquated concept? Journal of Physical Education, Recreation &; Dance, 64(6), 74-79.
Blair, S. (1985). Professionalization of attitude toward play in children and non-athletes: A comparative analysis. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 147, 7-18.
Bredemeier, B. (1985). Moral reasoning and the perceived legitimacy of intentionally injurious sport acts. Journal of Sport Psychology, 7, 110-124.
Bredemeier, B. &; Shields, D. L. (1984a). Divergence in moral reasoning about sport and everyday life. Sociology of Sport Journal, 1, 348-357.
Bredemeier, B. &; Shields, D. L. (1984b). The utility of moral stage analysis in the investigation of athletic aggression. Sociology of Sport Journal, 1, 138-149.
Bredemeier, B., Shields, D., Weiss, M., &; Cooper, B. (1986). The relationship of sport involovement with children’s moral reasoning and aggression tendencies. Journal of Sport Psychology, 8, 304-318.
Bredemeier, B., Weiss, M., Shields, D., &; Shewchuck, R. (1986). Promoting moral growth in a summer sport camp: The implementation of theoretically grounded instructional strategies. Journal of Moral Education, 15(3), 212-220.
Bredmeier, B. &; Shields, D. L. (1986a). Moral growth among athletes and non-athletes: A comparative analysis. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 147, 7-18.
Bredmeier, B. &; Shields, D. L. (1986b). Game reasoning and interactional morality. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 147, 257-275.
Bredmeier, B. &; Shields, D. L. (1993). Moral psychology in the context of sport. In R.N. Singer, M. Murphey, &; K.L. Tennant (Eds.), Handbook of research on sport psychology (pp. 587-599). New York: Macmillan.
Chantal, Y. &; Bernache-Assollant, I. (2003). A prospective analysis of self-determined sport motivation and sportspersonship orientations. Athletic Insight, 5(4), 11-18.
Chantal, Y., Robin, P., Vernat, J. P., &; Bernache-Assollant, I. (2005). Motivation, sportspersonhsip, and athletic aggression: a meditational analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 6, 233-249.
Chantal, Y., Soubranne, R., &; Brunel, P. C. (2009). Exploring the social image of anabolic steroids users through motivation, sportspersonship orientations and aggression. Journal of Medicine &; Science in Sports, 19, 228-234.
Chow, G. M., Murray, K. E., &; Feltz, D. L. (2009). Individual, team and coach predictors of players’ likelihood to aggress in youth soccer. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 31, 425-443.
Coakley, J. (2002). Using sports to control deviance and violence among youths: Let’s be critical and cautious. In M. Gatz, M. A. Messner, &; S. J. Ball-Rokeach (Eds.), Paradoxes of youth and sport (pp. 13-30). New York: State University of New York Press.
Conner, P. E. &; Becker, B. W. (1975). Values and the organization: Suggestion for research. Academy of Management Journal, 18(3), 550-561.
Cruz, J., Boixados, M., Valiente, L., &; Capdevila, L. (1995). Prevalent values in young Spanish soccer players. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 30, 353- 373.
Dawley, D. J., Troyer, M. E., &; Shaw, J. H. (1951). Relationship between observed behavior in elementary school physical education and test responses. Research Quarterly, 22, 71-76.Deci, E. L. &; Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Press.
Deci, E. L. &; Ryan, R. M. (1991). A motivation approach to self: Integration in personality. In R. A. Dienstbier (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation: Perspectives on motivation (Vol. 38, pp.237-288). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
Deci, E. L. &; Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what”and why of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self- determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227-268.
Diamanopoulos, A. &; Siguaw, J. A. (2000). Introducing LISREL: A guide for the uninitiated. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Donovan, R. J., Egger, G., Kapernick, V, &; Mendoza, J. (2002). A conceptual framework for achieving performance enhancing drug compliance in sport. Sports Medicine, 32, 269-284.
Donahue, E. G., Miquelon, P., Valois, P., Goule, C., Buist, A. &; Vallerand, R. J. (2006). A motivational model of perforlmance enhancing substance use I elite athletes. Journal Sport Exerce Psychology, 28, 511-520.
Doty, J. (2006). Sports build character? Journal of College &; Character, 6(3), 1-8.
Duda, J. L. (2001). Goal perspective research in sport: Pushing the boundaries and clarifying some misunderstandings., Advances in motivation in sport and exercise (pp. 129-182). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Duda, J. L. &; Nicholls, J. G. (1992). Dimensions of motivation in schoolwork and sport. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84, 290-299.
Duda, J. L., Olson, L. K., &; Templin, T. J. (1991). The relationship of task and ego orientations to sportsmanship attitudes and the perceived legitimacy of injurious acts. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 62, 79-87.
Duda, J. L. (1989). The relationship between mastery and competitive orientatin and the perecivede purpose of sport among male and female high school athletes. Journal of Sport &; Exercise, 11, 315-335.
Duda, J. L., Chi, L., &; Newton, M. (1990). Psychometric characteristics of the TEOSQ. Paper presented at the annual meeting o fthe North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity, University of Houston, TX.
Duda, J. L. &; White, S. A. (1992). Goal orientation and beliefs about the cause of sport success among elite skiers. The Sport Psychologist, 6, 334-343.
Dunn, J. G. H. &; Dunn, J. C. (1999). Goal orientations, perceptions of aggression, and sportspersonship in elite youth male ice hockey players. The Sport Psychologist, 13, 183-200.
Eccles, J. S. &; Harold, R. D. (1991). Gender differences in sport involvement: Applying the Eccles’ expectancy-value model. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 3, 7-35.
Eisenberg, N. &; Fabes, R. A. (1998). Prosocial development. In N. Eisenberg (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Social, emotional, and personality development (Vol. 3, pp. 701-778). New York: Wiley.
England, G. W. (1975). The manager and his values. Cambridge : Ballinger.
Ewing, M. E., Seefeldt, V. D., &; Brown, T. P. (1996). Role of organized sport in the education and health of American children and youth. New York: Carnegie Corporation.
Fezell, R. (1986). Sportsmanship. Journal of Philosophy of Sport, 12, 1-13.
Flory, C. (1958). Sportsmanship attitudes of college students towards situations in competitive athletics. Doctoral dissertation, University of Texas.
Floyd, V. (1939). The relation of information to practice in sportsmanship. Master’s thesis, University of Texas.
Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., &; Guay, F. (1995). Academic motivation and school performance: Toward a structural model. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 20, 157- 274.
Gano-Overway, L. A., Guiverneau, M., Magyar, T. M., Waldron, J. J., &; Ewing, M. E. (2005). Achievement goal perspectives, perceptions of the motivational climate, and sportspersonship: Individual and team effects. Psychology Sport Exercise, 6, 215-232.
Gibbons, S. L., Ebbeck, V., &; Weiss, M. R. (1995). Fair play for kids: Effects on the moral development of children in physical education. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 66(3), 247-255.
Gill, D. L. (2000). Psychology dynamics of sport and exercise. Champaian, IL: Human Kinetics.
Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women’s development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Goldstein, J. D. &; Iso-Ahola, S. E. (2006). Promoting sportsmanship in youth sports; Perspectives from sport psychology. Journal of Physical Education Recreation and Dance, 77(7), 18-24.
Gough, R. W. (1998). A practicsl strategy for emphasizing character development in sport and physical education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation &; Dance, 69, 18-23.
Green, T. &; Gabbard C., (1999). Do we need sportsmanship education in secondary school athletics? The Physical Educator, 56(2), 98-104.
Guay, F. &; Vallerand, R. J. (1997). Social, context, student’s motivation and academic achievement: Toward a process model. Social Psychology of Educaion, 1, 35-38.
Guivernau, M. &; Duda, J. L. (2002). Moral atmosphere and athletic aggressive tendencies in young soccer players. Journal of Moral Education, 31, 67-85.
Haan, N. (1983). An interactional morality of everyday life. In N. Haan, R. Bellah, P. Rabinow &; W. Sullivan (Eds.), Social science as moral inquiry (pp. 215-218). New York: Columbia University Press.
Haan, N., Aerts, E., &; Cooper, B. B. (1985). On moral grounds: The search for practical morality. New York: New York University.
Hopkins, F. E. &; Lantz, C. D. (1999). Sportsmanship attitude differences between defensive and offensive youth soccer players. The Physical Educator, 56(4), 179-185.
Horn, T. S., Kimiecik, J., Maltbie, J., Wong, W., &; Rojas, K. K. (1999). Parents’ beliefs and values regarding their children’s participation in youth sport programs. Journal of Sport &; Exercise Psychology, 21, S58.
Horrocks, R. N. (1980). Sportsmanship moral reasoning. The Physical Educator, 37, 208-212.
Johnson, M. L. (1969). Construction of sportsmanship attitude scales. Research Quarterly, 40, 312-316.
Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39, 31-36.
Kassing, J. W. &; Barber, N. M. (1998). Being a good sport: An investigation of sportsmanship messages provided by youth soccer parents, officials, and coaches. Human Communication, 10, 61-68.
Kavussanu, M. &; Roberts, G. C. (2001). Moral functioning in sport: An achievement goal perspective. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 23, 37-54.
Kavussanu, M. &; Ntoumanis, N. (2003). Participation in sport and moral functioning: does ego orientation mediate their relationship. Journal of Sport &; Exercise Psychology, 25, 501-518.
Kavussanu, M. (2006). Motivational predictors of porsocial and antisocial behaviour in football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(6), 575-588.
Keating, J. (1978). Competition and playful activities. Washington, DC: University Press of America.
Knortz, G., S. (2009). A case study: Assessing the validity and reliability of the multidimensional sportspersonship orientation scale among college athletes. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Specializing in Educational Leadership and Policy Studies: University of Vermont.
Kohlberg, L. (1976). Moral stages and moralization: The cognitive-developmental approach. In T. Lickona (Ed.), Moral development and behavior (pp. 31-53). New York: Holt, Rinehart &; Winston.
Kroll, W. (1975). Psychology of sportsmanship. Paper presented at the American Asociation of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation Convention, Atlatuc City, NJ.
Lapchick, R. E. (2006). Recommendations, In R. E. Lapchick (Ed.), New game plan for college sports (pp.120-130). Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
Lakie, W. L. (1964). Expressed attitudes of various groups of athletes toward athletic competition. Research Quarterly, 35, 497-503.
Lee, M.J. &; Cockman, M. J. (1995). Values in children’s sport: Spontaneously expressed values among young athletes. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 30, 337-352.
Lee, M.J. &; Cook, C. (1989). Values in children’s sport: Spontaneously expressed values among young athletes. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 30, 337- 352.
Lee, M. J., Whitehead, J. &; Balchin, N. (1998). Socio-moral values among young athletes. Poster session presented at the 24th international congress of the International Association of Applied Psychology, San Francisco.
Lee, M.J., Whitehead, J., &; Balchin, N. (2000). The measurement of values in sport: Development of the youth sport values questionnaire. Journal of Sport &; Exercise Psychology, 22, 307-326.
Lee, M.J., Whitehead, J., &; Ntoumanis, N. (2007). Development of the attitudes to Moral Decision-Making in Youth Sport Questionnaire (AMDYSQ). Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8, 369-392.
Lee, M.J., Whitehead, J., Ntoumanis, N., &; Hatzigeorgiadis, A. (2008). Relationships among values, achievement orientations, and attitudes in youth sport. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 30, 588-610.
Lee, M.J., Whitehead, J., Ntoumanis, N., &; Hatzigeorgiadis, A. (2001). Development of the sport attitude questionnaire. In A. Papaioannou, M. Goudas, &; Y. Theodorakis(Eds.), In the dawn of the new millennium, Vol 2: Proceedings of the 10th World Congressof Sport Psychology (pp.191-192). Thessaloniki, Greece: Christodouli Publications.
Lemyre, P. N., Roberts, G. C., &; Ommundsen, Y. (2002). Achievement goal orientations, perceived ability, and sportspersonship in youth soccer. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14, 120-136.
Lodl, K. (2005). Developing a game plan for good sportsmanship. New Directions for Youth Development, 108, 127-134.
Morgan, W. J., Meier, K. V., &; Schneider, A. J. (2001). Ethics in Sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Mallett, C. J., Kawabata, M., Newcombe, P., Otero-Forero, A., &; Jackson, S. (2007). Sport motivation scale-6 (SMS-6): A revised six-factor sport motivation scale. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8, 600-614.
May, R. A. B. (2001). The sticky situation of sportsmanship; Contexts and contradictions in sportsmanship among high school boys basketball players. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 25(4), 372-389.
McAfee, R. A. (1955). Sportsmanship attitudes of sixth, seventh, and eighth grade boys. Research Quarterly, 26, 120
McKenzie, T. L. &; Giebink, M. P. (1989). The hierarchical observation method for analyzing sportsmanship. In P. W. Darst, D. B. Zakrajsek, &; V. H. Mancini (Eds.), Analyzing physical education and sport instruction (pp.391-396). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Mielke, R. &; Bahlke, S. (1995). Structure and preferences of fundamental values of young athletes: Do they differ from non-athletes and young people with alternative leisure activities? International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 30, 419-437.
Miller, B. W., Roberts, G. C., &; Ommundsen, Y. (2004). Effect of motivational climate on sportspersonship among competitive youth male and female football players. Journal of Medicine &; Science in Sports, 14, 193-202.
Mischel, W., Moore, B. (1966). Effects of attention to symbolically-presented rewards upon self control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3, 390-396.
Miscisco, D. R. (1976). The influence of distinct coaching styles on personality and sportsmanship attitudes of elementary age girls playing competitive basketball. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of British Columbia, Canada.
Morgan, W. J., Meier, K. V., &; Schneider, A. J. (2001). Ethics in sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Murcia, J. A. M., Coll, D. G-C., &; Perez, L. M. R. (2009). Self-determined motivation and physical education important. Human Movement, 10(1), 5-11.
Nicholls, J. G. (1989). The competitive ethos and democratic education. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Nicholls, J. G. (1984). Achievemant motivation: conceptions of ability, subjective experience, task choice, and performance. Psychological Review, 91, 328-346.
Ommundsen, Y., Roberts, G. C., Lemyre, P. N., &; Treasure, D. (2003). Perceived motivation climate in male youth soccer: Relations to social-moral functioning, sportspersonship and team norm perceptions. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 4, 397-413.
Papp, G. &; Prisoka, G. (1995). Sportsmanship as an ethical value. Internaitonal Review for the Sociology of Sport, 30(3-4), 375-389.
Pelletier, L. G., Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., Tuson, K. M., &; Blasi, M. R. (1995). Toward a new measure of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation in sport: The sport motivation scales (SMS). Journal of Sport &; Exercise Psychology, 17, 35-53.
Pelletier, L. G., Vallerand, R. J., &; Sarrazin, P. (2007). The revised six-factor sport motivation scale (Mallett, Kawabata, Newcombe, Otero-Forero, &; Jackson, 2007): Something old, something new, and something borrowed. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8, 615-621.
Piaget, J. (1965). The moral judgment of the child. New York: Free Press.
Polley, J. C. (1983). The role of university sport in setting standards of fair play: A corss-cultural perspective. Paper presented at the FISU Conference-Univetsiade July’83 in association with the Xth HISPA Congress, Edmondton, Alberta, Canada.
Potter, G. &; Wandzilak, T. (1981). Youth sports: A program evaluation. Journal of Psysical Education Recreation and Dance, 52, 67-68.
Powell, W. (1996). Task-value as a mediator for aerobic exercise adherence. Poster session presented at the annual conference of the Association for Applied Sport Psycholoy, Williamsburg, VA.
Rascle, O., Coulomb, G., &; Pfister, R. (1998). Aggression and goal orientations in handball: Influence of institutional sport context, Perceptual &; Motor Skill, 86(3), 1347-1360.
Roberts, G. C. (1992). Motivation in sport: Uderstanding and enhancing the motivation and achievement of children. In G. C. Roberts(Ed.), Motivaiton in sport and exercise(pp. 3-29). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Roberts, G. C. (2001a). Advaces in motivation in sport and exercise. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Roberts, G. C. (2001b). Understanding the dynamics of motivation in physical activity: The influence of achievement goals on motivation processes. In G. Roberts (Ed.), Advances in motivation in sport and exercise (pp. 1-50). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Rokeach, M. (1967). Value survey. Sunnyvale, CA: Halgren Texts.
Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of human values. New York: The Free Press.
Rogers, C. (1969). Freedom to learn. New York:Random House.
Richardson, D. E. (1962). Ethical conduct in sport situations. 66th Annual Porceedings of National College Physical Education Association.
Rudd, A. &; Stoll, S. K. (1998). Understanding Sportsmanship. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation &; Dance, 69(9), 38-42.
Ryska, T. A. (2003). Sportsmanship in young athletes: The role of competitiveness, motivational orientation, and perceived purposes of sport. The Journal of Psychology, 3, 273-293.
Sage, L. &; Kavussanu, M. (2007). The effects of goal involvement on moral behavior in an experimentally manipulated competitive setting. Journal of Sports &; Exercise Psychology, 29, 190-207.
Sage, L., G. (1990). Power and ideology in American sport: A critical perspective. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Sage, L., Kavussanu, M. (2007). Multiple goal orientations as apredictors of moral behavior in youth soccer. The Sport Psychologist, 21, 417-437.
Sage, L., Kavussanu, M., &; Duda, J. L. (2006). Goal orientations and moral identity as prosocial and antisocial functioning in association football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24, 455-466.
Scanlan, T. K., Stein, G. L., &; Ravizza, K. (1989). An in-deph study of fprmer elite figure skaters elite figure skaters sources of enjoyment. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11, 53-68.
Schwartz, S. H. &; Bilsky, W. (1990). Toward a theory of the universal content and structure of values: Extensions and cross-cultural replications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 878-891.
Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Are there universal aspects in the structure and content of humanvalues? The Journal of Social Issues, 50, 19-45.
Sharp, M. &; Collins, D. (1998). Exploring the “inevitability” of the relationship between anabolic-androgenic steroid use and aggression in human males. Journal of Sport &; Exercise Psychology, 20, 379-394.
Shea, E. J. (1978). Ethical decisions in physical education and sport. Springfield, IL: C.C. Thomas.
Shields, D. &; Bredemeier, B. (1995). Character development through physical activity. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Shields, D., Bredemeier, B., Gardner, D., &; Bostrom, A. (1995). Leadership, cohesion, and team norms regarding cheating and aggression. Sociology of Sport Journal, 12, 324-336.
Shields, D., Bredemeier, B., LaVoi, N., &; Power, F. C. (2005). The behavior of youth, parents, and coaches: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Journal of Research in Character Education, 3(1), 43-59.
Shields, D., Bredemeier, B., LaVoi, N., &; Power, F. C. (2007). Predictors of poor sportspersonship in youth sports: Personal attitudes and social influences. Journal of Sport &; Exercise Psychology, 29, 747-762.
Silva, J.M. (1983). The perceived legitimacy of rule violating behavior in sport. Journal of Sport Psychology, 5, 438-448.
Steenbergen, J., Buisman, A. J. De Knop, P., &; Lucassen, J. M. H. (1998). Waarden en normen in de sport: Analyse en beleidsperspectief [Values and norms in sport: Analysis and policy perspectives]. Houten, The Netherlands: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum.
Stephens, D. E. (1993). Goal orientation and moral atmosphere in youth sport: An examination of lying, hurting, and cheating behaviors in girl’s soccer. Unpublished doctoral dissertationm, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.
Stephens, D. E. &; Bredemeier, B. J. (1996). Moral atmosphere and judgments about aggression in girl’s soccer: Relationships among moral and motivational variables. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 18, 158-173.
Stoll, S. K. &; Beller, J. M. (1992). Division I athletes: Sportsmanship qualities. Unpublished manuscript, University of Idaho, Center for Ethical Theory and Honor in Competitive Sports, Moscow.
Stoll, S. K. &; Beller, J. M. (1994). The importance of methodology in cognitive moral reasoning. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport Abstracts, 17, A97-A98.
Stornes, T. (2001). Sportspersonship in elite sports: On the effects of personal and environmental factors on the display of sportspersonship among elite male handball players. European Physical Education Review, 7, 283-304.
Stornes, T. &; Bru, E. (2002). Sportspersonship and perceptins of leadership: An investigation of adolescent handball players’ perceptions of sportspersonship and associations with perceived leadership. European Journal of Sport Science, 6(2), 1-15.
Stornes, T. &; Ommundsen, Y. (2004). Achievement goals, motivational climate and sportspersonship: A study of young handball players. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 48(2), 205-220.
Stphens, D. (1993). Goal orientation and moral atmosphere in youth sport: An examination of lying, hurting, and cheating behaviors in girls, soccer. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.
Stuart, M. E. &; Ebbeck, V. (1995). The influence of perceived social approval on moral development in youth sport. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 28, 370-390.
Tsai, E. &; Fung, L. (2005). Sportspersonship in youth basketball and volleyball players. Athletic Insight, 7(2), 37-46.
Tucker, L. W. &; Parks. J. B. (2001). Effects of gender and sport type on intercollegiate athletes’ perceptions of the legitimacy of aggressive behaviors in sport. Sociology of Sport Journal, 18, 403-413.
Turner, M. &; McCrory, P. (2003). Social drug policies for sport. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 37, 378-379.
Vallerand, R. J. (1991). A social psychological analysis of sportsmanship. In J. Bilard &; M. Durand (Eds.), Sport et psychologie (pp. 289-299). Montpellier, France: Edition Revue EPS.
Vallerand, R. J. &; Bissonnette, R. (1992). Intrinsic, extrinsic and amotivational styles as predictors of behavior: A prospective study. Journal of Personality, 60, 599-620.
Vallerand, R. J., Blais, M. R., Briere, N. M., &; Pelletier L. G. (1989). Construction and validation of the motivation in education scale. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 21, 323-349.
Vallerand, R., Briere, N, M., Blanchard, C., &; Provencher, P. (1997). Development and validation of the multidimensional sportspersonship orientations scale. Journal of Sport &; Exercise Psychology, 19, 197-206.
Vallerand, R. J., Deshaies, P., Cuerrier, J. P., Briere, N. M., &; Pelletier, L. G. (1996). Toward a multidimensional definition of sportsmanship. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 8, 123-135.
Vallerand, R. J., Deshaies, P., Cuerrier, J. P., Briere, N. M., &; Pelletier, L. G. (1996). Toward a multidimensional definition of sportsmanship. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 8, 89-101.
Vallerand, R. J. &; Losier, G. F. (1994). Self-determined motivation and sportsmanship orientations: An assessment of their temporal relationship. Journal of Sport &; Exercise Psychology, 16, 229-245.
Vallerand, R.J., Pelletier, L.G., Blais, M.R., Brière, N.M., Senècal, C., Vallières, E.F. (1993). On the assessment of intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation in education: Evidence on the concurrent and construct validity of the Academic Motivation Scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 53, 159-172.
Wandzilak, T., Carroll, T., &; Ansorge, C. J. (1988). Values development through phsycial activity: Promoting sportsmanlike behaviors, perceptions, and moral reasoning, Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 37, 12-22.
Weingberg, R. &; Gould, D. (2003). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology. Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics.
Weiss, M. r. &; Bredemeier, B. J. (1990). Moral development in sport. In K. B. Pandolf &; J.O. Holloszy (Eds.), Exercise and sport sciences reviews (Vol. 18, pp. 331-378). Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins.
Weinberg, R. S. &; Gould, D. (2002). 競技與健身運動心理學（簡曜輝、季力康、卓俊伶、洪聰敏、黃英哲、黃崇儒、廖主民、盧俊宏）。台北市：台灣運動心理學會（原著於1999年出版）。
Wells, M. S., Ellis, G. D., Arthur-Bannibng, S. G., &; Roark, M. (2006). Effect of staged practices and motivational climate on goal orientation and sportsmanship in community youth sport experiences. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 24, 64-85.
Wells, M. S., Ellis, G. D., Paisley, D., P., &; Arthur-Banning, S. G. (2005). Development and evaluation of a program to promote sportsmanship in youth sports. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 23(1), 1-17.
Wilkerson, M. &; Dodder. R. A. (1979). What does sport do for people? Journal of Physical Educaiton and Recreatiion, 50, 24-35.