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題名：少數族群之族群認同與個人整體自尊的關係：以卑南族青少年為例
書刊名：中華心理學刊
作者：徐世琛／李美枝
作者(外文)：Hsu, Hsih-chen／Li, Mei-chih
出版日期：2002
卷期：44:2
頁次：頁263-278
主題關鍵詞：少數族群；卑南族；族群認同；個人整體自尊；價值觀的認定；團體內比較；外在歸因；Minority；Puyuma；Ethnic identity；Global self-esteem；Value identity；Ingroup comparison；External attribution
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在臺灣社會的客觀情勢中，原住民族群被多數人貶為低地位團體，然而卻還是有不少原住民對自己的族群圖持強烈的認同。根據一些社會學與心理學的理論觀點，會讓人推斷少數族群的成員應該有較低的自尊，但實徵研究的證據並非如此。本研究嘗試建立一個描繪少數族群成員的族群認同與個人整體自尊及其相關心理機制之關係的徑路模式，以解釋上述的現象。本研究的受試樣本為346位12-18歲的卑南族青少年，以其受測所得的族群認同經過因素分析，可得到族群態度、族群表徵及反族群認同三個因素。本研究以徑路分析來檢證二個假設的徑路模式，其一認為高族群認同者，透過三種保護策略維護正向個人整體自尊。其二認為高族群認同就直接正向地影響個人整自尊。結果發現:(1)卑南族青少年之價值觀的認定會增強其族群認同;(2)族群認同的高低會直接影響到卑南族青少年的個人整體自尊;(3)卑南族青少年的個人整體自尊不是團體內比較後的結果，而是影響團體內比較傾向的原因;(4)族群認同較高的卑南族青少年比較會從事團體內比較，但其動機不是保護自尊。本研究的結果提示，少數族群的自尊不會比優勢族群低，肯定自我族群的價值，進而認同本族群是維持個人整體自尊的一個重要因素。
Some sociological and psychological theories strongly predict that minority group members should have lower self-esteem. However, little empirical evidence has been found to support these theories when minority groups were studied in Western societies like United States. In Taiwan, where social status is predominantly differentiated with capitalism values, aboriginal groups are considered of lower status in many aspects. Three hundred forty-six Puyuma adolescents, aged 12 to 28 participated in our study on global self-esteem and its related factors. Results replicated those of Western societies: despite their low social-status, their global self esteem was not lower than that of Taiwanese majority. Two contrasting models of the relationship among the measured variables were compared by means of path analysis. According to the statistically accepted model, the strength of identification with their own ethnic group is the main force boosting minority members’ global self-esteem. Their strength of ethnic identity was indexed by three components: favorable attitudes toward their own ethnic group; involvement in the ethnic group’s traditional activities; and not hiding ethnic identity in the public.
期刊論文
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12.傅仰止(19940600)。臺灣原住民困境的歸因解釋比較漢人觀點與原住民觀點。中央研究院民族學研究所集刊，77，35-87。  延伸查詢new window
13.傅仰止(19871200)。都市山胞的社經地位與社會心理處境。中國社會學刊，11，55-79。new window  延伸查詢new window
14.蕭新煌(19710900)。山胞現代化的若干問題。思與言，9(3)，24-36。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.Baumeister, Roy F.、Leary, Mark R.(1995)。The need to belong: desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation。Psychological Bulletin，117(3)，497-529。  new window
16.Shrauger, J. S.、Schoneman, T. J.(1979)。Symbolic interactionist view of self-concept: Through the looking glass darkly。Psychological Bulletin，86(3)，549-573。  new window
17.Brewer, Marilynn B.(1991)。The Social Self: On Being the Same and Different at the Same Time。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，17(5)，475-482。  new window
18.Ruggiero, K. M.、Taylor, D. M.(1997)。Why minority group members perceive or do not perceive the discrimination that confronts them: The role of self-esteem and perceived control。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，72，373-389。  new window
19.Burger, J. M.、Arkin, R. M.(1980)。Effects of unit relation tendencies on interpersonal attraction。Social Psychology Quarterly，43，380-391。  new window
20.Aspinwall, L. G.、Taylor, S. E.(1993)。Effect of social comparison direction, threat, and self-esteem on affect, self-evaluation and expected success。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，64，708-722。  new window
21.Crocker, J.、Voelkl, K.、Testa, M.、Major, B.(1991)。Social stigma: The affective consequences of attributional ambiguity。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，60，218-228。  new window
22.Fazio, R. H.、Effrein, E. A.、Falender, V. J.(1981)。Self-perceptions following social interactions。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，41，232-242。  new window
23.Garcia, M.、Lega, L.(1979)。Development of a Cuban ethnic identity questionnaire。Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences，1，249-261。  new window
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27.Jensen, G. F.、White, C. S.、Galliher, J. M.(1982)。Ethnic status and adolescent self-evaluations: An extension of research on minority self-esteem。Social Problem，30，226-239。  new window
28.Lalonde, R. N.(1992)。The dynamics of group differentiation in the face of defeat。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，18，336-342。  new window
29.Makabe, T.(1979)。Ethnic identity scale and social mobility: The case of Nisei in Toronto。The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology，16，136-145。  new window
30.Parham, T.、Helms, J.(1981)。The influence of Black student's racial identity attitudes on preferences of counselor's race。Journal of Counseling Psychology，28，250-257。  new window
31.Paul, M.、Fisher, J.(1980)。Correlates of self-concept among Black early adolescents。Journal of Youth and Adolescence，9，163-173。  new window
32.Rogler, L.、Cooney, R.、Ortiz, V.(1980)。Intergenerational change in ethnic identity in the Puerto Rican family。International Migration Review，14(2)，193-214。  new window
33.Rowley, S. J.、Sellers, R. M.、Chavous, T. M.、Smith, M. A.(1998)。The relationship between racial identity and self-esteem in African American college and high school students。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，74(3)，715-724。  new window
34.Sedikides, C.、Anderson, C. A.(1994)。Causal perceptions of intertrait relations: The glue that holds person types together。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，20，294-302。  new window
35.Singh, V.(1977)。Some theoretical and methodological problems in the study of ethnic identity: A cross-cultural perspective。Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences，285，32-42。  new window
36.Teske, R.、Nelson, B.(1973)。Two scales for the measurement of Mexican-American identity。International Review of Modern Sociology，3，192-203。  new window
37.Tzuriel, D.、Klein, M. M.(1977)。Ego identity: Effects of ethnocentrism, ethnic identification, and cognitive complexity in Israeli, Oriental and Western ethnic groups。Psychological Reports，40，1099-1110。  new window
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會議論文
1.李道明(1994)。近一百年來臺灣電影電視媒體對臺灣原住民的呈視。臺北：行政院文化建設委員會。81-95。  延伸查詢new window
2.黃美英(1994)。貧窮與歧視間的掙扎--臺灣原住民婦女的都市經驗。臺北：行政院文化建設委員會。  延伸查詢new window
研究報告
1.譚光鼎(1994)。臺灣山胞青少年文化認同、成就概念與學習行為關係之研究。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.林正山(1997)。臺灣升大學重考生的自我評價與情緒困擾(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.林明幟(1997)。減低族群偏見方案在國小實施成效之研究(碩士論文)。台北市立師範學院。  延伸查詢new window
3.賴秀智(1996)。台北縣市阿美族學童的族群態度、族群文化常識與自我觀念之相關研究(碩士論文)。臺北市立師範學院。  延伸查詢new window
4.許文忠(1998)。山地布農族學童族群認同與自尊之研究(碩士論文)。臺北市立師範學院。  延伸查詢new window
5.徐富珍(1998)。社會比較的效果：對個人情感、認知、及行為之影響研究(博士論文)。國立政治大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.Bendik, C.(1999)。Value congruence among self, ethnic group and work organization: Contributions to organizational commitment and ethic identity，0。  new window
7.楊大和(1992)。臺產院線錄影帶中，高山族與非高山族塑像之研究－社會心理與文化傾向的探討，0。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Insko, Chester A.、Schopler, John(1972)。Experimental Social Psychology: Text With Illustrative Readings。New York：Academic Press。  new window
2.蔡中涵(1996)。原住民歷史文化（一）。臺北市：教育廣播電台。  延伸查詢new window
3.Aronson, E.、Wilson, T. D.、Akert, R. M.(1999)。Social psychology。Houghton Mifflin Company。  new window
4.Byrne, Donn Erwin(1971)。The attraction paradigm。Academic Press。  new window
5.Rosenberg, Morris(1979)。Conceiving the Self。Basic Books。  new window
6.黃宣範(1993)。語言、社會與族群意識--台灣語言社會的研究。臺北：文鶴出版有限公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.陳奇祿(19920000)。臺灣土著文化研究。臺北：聯經。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.李亦園(19820000)。臺灣土著民族的社會與文化。臺北：聯經出版社。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.謝世忠(1987)。認同的污名：臺灣原住民的族群變遷。自立晚報社文化出版部。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.臺東知本部落文化發展委員會(1998)。知本部落小米收穫祭大會手冊。知本部落小米收穫祭大會手冊。沒有紀錄。  延伸查詢new window
11.宋龍生(1997)。臺灣原住民史料彙編4。臺灣原住民史料彙編4。臺中縣。  延伸查詢new window
12.鄭元慶(1994)。原住民文化專輯（一）。原住民文化專輯（一）。臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
13.Aboud, F.(1987)。The development of ethnic self-identification and attitudes。Children's ethnic socialization: Pluralism and development。Newbury Park, CA。  new window
14.Crocker, J.、Major, B.(1993)。Reactions to stigma: The moderating role of justifications。The psychology of prejudice: The Ontario symposium, Vol. 7。Hillsdale, NJ。  new window
15.Clore, Gerald L.、Byrne, D.(1974)。A reinforcement-affect model of attraction。Foundations of interpersonal attraction。New York, NY。  new window
16.Crocker, J.、Major, B.、Steele, C.(1998)。Social stigma。The handbook of social psychology。New York, NY：McGraw-Hill。  new window
17.Ferdman, B. M.(1995)。Cultural Identity and Diversity in Organizations: Bridging the Gap between Group Differences and Individual Uniqueness。Diversity in organizations: New perspectives for a changing workplace。Thousand Oaks, CA。  new window
18.Hogg, M. A.、Abrams, D.(1990)。Social motivation, self-esteem and social identity。Social identity theory: Constructive and critical advances。Hertfordshire, UK。  new window
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圖書論文
1.Rosenberg, M.(1965)。Society And the Adolescent Self-image。The Self。San Francisco：McGraw Hill。  new window
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3.許木柱(19900000)。台灣原住民的族群認同運動：心理文化研究途徑的初步探討。臺灣新興社會運動。臺北：巨流。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.楊中芳(19910000)。試論中國人的「自己」：理論與研究方向。中國人．中國心：人格與社會篇。臺北：遠流。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.Tajfel, Henri、Turner, John C.(1979)。An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict。The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations。Brooks/Cole。  new window
6.Tajfel, Henri、Turner, John C.(1986)。The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior。Psychology of Intergroup Relations。Nelson-Hall。  new window
 
 
 
 
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