Mencius clarifies his will: "I would like to lead people's heart to the correct way, oppress wicked theories, resist one-sided conduct, and banish seductive expressions, so as to follow the teaching of three sages. "Mencius's theory, appropriate to the contemporary time, is far-reaching and thought-provoking in which his theory of the heart and his focus on the people rather than on emperors are unprecedented. His theory is based on the perspective of the natural law, while his narration is from the aspect of men who are naturally good. Following these two endeavors can a person implement his way to enlighten personal inward sacredness as well as outward kingship which can spread goodness to the world. The subject of this thesis focuses on characteristics of Mencius's theory of heart. The difference between human beings and beast lies in the so-called heart of kindness and justice. The heart of kindness and justice does not impose from outer world but the inward heart which exists in everyone's mind. Dispersing from the basis of the heart can proceed to secure the world or recede to be filial to parents. Further, following the heart can realize the truth of self and traverse on the way of the great spirit. The heart is significant. It is worthwhile to carefully explore the essence of the heart. What characteristics does the heart bear to become the basis of realizing self? The thesis induces twelve characteristics of the "heart, "all of which are based on principles of conspicuousness and necessity.