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題名:國民中小學學校行銷指標與行銷運作之研究
作者:黃義良 引用關係
作者(外文):Hawng I Liang
校院名稱:國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱:教育學系
指導教授:鄭彩鳳
羅文基
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2004
主題關鍵詞:國中小學校行銷內部行銷外部行銷互動行銷行銷指標行銷運作junior high schools and primary schoolsschool marketinginternal marketingexternal marketinginteractive marketingmarketing indexesmarketing operations
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國民中小學學校行銷指標與行銷運作之研究
摘 要
本研究之目的在建構國民中小學的學校行銷指標,並瞭解國中小學校當前學校行銷運作之現況。研究中採用教育現場非結構訪談、德懷術及問卷調查等研究方法。其中非結構訪談教育現場的國中小校長共十一位;德懷術專家小組包含二十四位成員。現況調查部份以比例隨機方式抽樣727位國中小校長,有效回收問卷為481份,有效樣本回收率為66.2%。
本研究的具體發現如下:
一、結合文獻理論及教育現場非結構訪談成果,再經Delphi所確認完成的學校行銷指標可作為學校行銷的重要內涵,包括三個向度、十一個層面及五十九題細項。內部行銷向度指標,包含五層面,二十五題細項;外部行銷包含四層面,二十一題細項;而互動行銷包含兩層面,十題細項。
二、Delphi所建構學校行銷三個向度,發現三向度均介於非常重要到重要的程度,其中,以內部行銷的重要程度最高,而外部行銷居末。
三、Delphi所建構學校行銷行銷十一個層面,以內外向度之凝聚溝通策略重要程度最高,外部向度之成本價值策略重要性居末。
四、國民中小學目前普遍未設立行銷單位。
五、小型、偏遠地區與國小等背景的校長對行銷單位設置與否看法較為一致。
六、國中小校長對於行銷的工作分派看法,較傾向於「視工作的業務性質分派給各處室負責」及「設立跨處室組成的行銷小組」。
七、學校行銷對象廣泛而平均,對外以學生家長及家長會等團體為主,對內以教職員與在學學生為重心。
八、缺乏經費與專責單位為學校推展行銷面臨的主要困境。
九、學業成就、校長辦學理念與品德教育是學校行銷定位的主要內容。
十、校長知覺學校行銷整體運作達理想程度,分向度的運作以內部向度最高,互動向度次之,外部向度略低。
十一、校長認為內部向度中「參與授權策略、教育訓練策略」兩層面的運作情形最流暢理想,而外部向度之「成本價值策略」欠缺積極。
十二、背景為擔任校長年資「5至8年者」以及「都市」與「鄉鎮」地區的校長知覺學校行銷整體運作情形較為理想。
十三、背景為擔任校長年資「5至8年者」、「49班以上」、「都市」與「國小」的校長知覺學校行銷整體運作情形較為理想。
十四、背景為擔任校長年資「5至8年者」、「研究所」、「49班以上」、「都市」與「國小」等背景的校長知覺學校行銷策略分層面的運作情形較理想。
茲根據上述之研究結論,提出相關建議。
對教育主管單位的建議
一、研訂推動學校行銷的具體辦法
二、本研究之指標可供學校行銷推展之參考
三、訂定推動學校行銷的相關配套措施
四、鼓勵進修研習,建構校長行銷觀念
五、引領學校行銷,整合管道與扭轉觀念
六、引導學校展現特色,發展產品定位
對校長的建議
一、積極運用與彈性調整學校行銷指標的內涵
二、落實內部行銷,深植校內同仁行銷觀念
三、正視對外行銷活動,暢通校園通路
四、活化價值策略,彈性校務運作
五、學校行銷工作分派,朝彈性靈活處理
六、建立課程特色,塑造產品定位
七、強化形象推廣,積極媒體運用
八、針對異質對象,採多元的行銷活動
九、衡量資源,調整適宜的行銷作為
十、國中校長積極行銷以突破親師固有觀念
Marketing Indexes and Operations for Junior High and Primary schools
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to construct school marketing indexes for junior high and primary schools, and understand how marketing strategies operate at junior high and primary schools at present day. Non-constructive interviews, Delphi techniques and questionnaire survey were adopted in the study. 11 principals at junior high and primary schools were selected to conduct non-constructive interviews. Delphi expert team consisted of 24 members. 727 principals at junior high and primary schools were randomly sampled with ratio to conduct a survey of present state, and 481 responded. Effective response rate was 66.2%.
The concrete findings are as follows:
1. The marketing indexes, which combine literature theories and non-constructive interviews and are confirmed by Delphi, are important contents of school marketing. They include 3 dimensions, 11 phases and 59 details. Internal marketing dimensional indexes include 5 phases and 25 details, external marketing includes 4 phases and 21 details, and interactive marketing is made up of 2 phases and 10 details.
2. The 3 school marketing dimensions constructed by Delphi experts are rated from extremely important to important. Internal marketing is the most important of the three, and external marketing is the least.
3. Among the 11 phases set up by Deiphi experts, to congregate the communication in the internal/external marketing is the most important, and educational cost in the external marketing is the least.
4. A marketing department is not very common at junior high and primary schools.
5. Principals, who are in small-scaled, secluded and primary schools, are more agree with the establishment of a marketing department.
6. The attitude of principals toward the distribution of marketing jobs tends to “distribute to each department according to the nature of jobs” and “set up a marketing unit across each department.”
7. The marketing target is widespread and evenly distributed. It aims at students’ parents and Parent and Teacher Association externally, and at faculty and present students internally.
8. The shortage of fund and a responsible department are the main difficulties while promoting marketing.
9. Student’s performance, principal’s idea toward schooling and moral education are the main contents of marketing position.
10. When a principal perceive the overall marketing operation has reached an ideal condition, among the 3 dimensions, internal marketing is usually perceived the best one, followed by interactive marketing, and then external marketing.
11. Among the internal marketing dimensions, principals are more satisfied with the operation of “participation and authorization” and “educational training ” and less satisfied with “educational cost” of the external marketing.
12. Principals, who have worked as a principal “for 5 to 8 years”, “at urban area” and “at rural area”, perceive the operation of overall school marketing much better.
13. Principals, who have worked as a principal “for 5 to 8 years”, “at a school more than 49 classes”, “at urban area” and “at a primary school” perceive the operation of overall school marketing better.
14. Principals, who have worked as a principal “for 5 to 8 years”, “with a master degree”, “at a school more than 49 classes”, “at urban area” and “at a primary school” perceive the operation of school marketing at different phases better.
According the study results as stated above, some recommendations are made.
Recommendations for education authorities are to:
1. Develop and establish a concrete method to promote school marketing.
2. Set up packaging measures to promote school marketing.
3. Encourage advanced study, and construct the school marketing concepts for principals.
4. Lead school marketing, integrate channels and change concepts.
5. Create school characteristics and develop product positioning.
Recommendations for principals are to:
1. Implement internal marketing, and implant marketing concepts into the mind of faculty.
2. Put emphasis on external marketing activities, and smooth distribution channels.
3. Activate value strategies, and administrate school affairs flexibly.
4. Distribute marketing jobs to different people, and handle those jobs with flexibility
5. Create the characteristics of school curricula and enrich product positioning.
6. Strengthen school image, and use media actively.
7. Focus on heterogeneous objects and adopt multiple marketing activities.
8. Measure school’s resources and adjust to appropriate marketing actions.
9. Promote marketing aggressively to break through traditional concepts of parents and faculty.
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二、英文部分
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