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題名:警察人員執法裁量之跨域治理解析─以高雄市酒駕為例
作者:張維真
作者(外文):Wei-jen Chang
校院名稱:國立中山大學
系所名稱:公共事務管理研究所
指導教授:汪明生
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2017
主題關鍵詞:高雄市酒駕互動管理社會判斷理論公共事務管理警察裁量Interactive ManagementDrunk-driving in KaohsiungSocial Judgment AnalysisPolice DiscretionPublic Affairs Management
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警察執法裁量是典型判斷決策行為,警察人員面對複雜多元的社會環境,個體認知與每一回合的決策行為,是警政治理的具體實踐,而藉由案例實證研究有助於解決問題並建構思路模式。尤以當今個體意識抬頭,處理公共議題除應跨域合作,亦須考量多方當事人認知及價值權重,故本研究採公共事務管理架構為跨域分析途徑,以高雄地區警察人員之執法裁量為研究標的,由宏觀至微觀解析警政治理之群體現象及個體認知,並以酒駕課題呈現人際互動結構及共識形成之過程。
研究方法首以質化深度訪談論證警察執法,此為事實判斷;再以社會判斷理論問卷測量警察及民眾對警察裁量行為之權重,對應價值判斷;最後以較受社會矚目的酒駕治理為題,運用互動管理方法呈現群體決策之人際判斷。訪談結果顯示,「人情」、「道理」、「依法行政」、「公平正義」等面向是影響執法裁量之重要因子;社會判斷理論研究結果發現,警察與民眾對「法規及社會期待」權重最高(分別為40%與47%),而警察關心「行為結果」(28%)、民眾則重視「人權價值」(42%)。互動管理則公開地展示各個參與者提出之策略,並透過澄題、比較票選及電腦輔助軟體,得出「對酒駕者名下車輛車牌貼上標誌或符號」等策略對於「強化執法作為」有增強效果,而增強結構圖同時能呈現12項共識策略之關聯性。
警察執法屬公共事務管理範疇,須跨域整合社會、政治,政府等專業知識,同時跨越空間部門及社會發展條件,兼顧政府職能角色與社會價值意識,研究也發現,警察人員面對每回合之執法裁量情境,會考量前回合的判斷知識以進行當回合之決策,並累積成為下回合決策判斷之知識存量,此多回合循環之決策判斷模式可做為未來研究警察實務之途徑。
Police discretion is a series of judgment and decision behavior. The police administration consists of every single decision and judgment by police officers. The study suggests case study is helpful to construct thinking model. In the society full of individual differences, cross-domain cooperation and the cognition and value of multi-parties should also be taken into account. The study utilizes a three-level organized framework, Public Affairs Management Framework, for cross-domain analysis, to further dissect police administration governance and the black box of individual cognitition. The case study of drunk-driving governance in Kaohsiung is exemplified to show the interpersonal interaction and the process to form consensus.
Three judgment based methods, including depth interview, social judgment theory (SJT) and interactive management (IM) are used to figure out factual judgment, value judgment and interpersonal judgment on police officers’ discretion. The depth study shows that affection, reason, law and justice are important factors for police discretion. According to the results of SJT, both police and public put the law and social expectation at the first place (the weights are 40% and 47%). Police concerns outcome (28%), but public pay attention to human rights (42%). At the IM seminar, the individual opinions are presented, clarified and compared. With the computer-aid software, the strategies, such as “tagging or marking the vehicle number plates of drunk drivers”, have the strength effects to the strategy “efficient law-enfocement”. And the structural picture displays the correlation of different strategies.
Police administration is among the public affairs management. It is necessary to comebine different expertises, including society, politics, and government. Meanwhile, the different spaces, departments and social development conditions are influential factors, and government roles and social values should be considered simultaneous. By investigating the police officers’ discretion, we find multi-rounds model while they making judgment and decision. Police officers do think pre-round judgment and then make the decision for the current round, and those judgments and decisions will be accumulated to the knowledge base for the future scenario. This multi-rounds decision and judgement model could be useful for the future police empirical studies.
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