十幾年前，日本駒澤大學的�雰汙邠L和松本史朗兩位教授掀起一陣「批判佛教」風潮，引起日本、北美、國內佛教界和學術界的興趣和回應。「批判佛教」內容含蓋四大層面：（1）佛教教義；（2）社會批判；（3）佛教宗派；（4）哲學反省。其主要議題包括：如來藏（佛性）思想、實體論、業力論、日本天臺宗的本覺思想、融合思想、社會歧視、日本軍國主義、場所哲學等等。 由於「批判佛教」討論的議題多元而廣泛，非本文所能涵蓋，故僅就「佛教教義」和「社會批判」兩個層面加以探討。有關佛教教義方面，�雰扣M松本均認為如來藏思想是「偽佛教」，因為它違背二個佛教基本教義--「緣起」和「無我」。松本稱帶有神我思想的如來藏為「基體論」（dhatu-vada）。本文則依據《勝鬘經》、《大般涅槃經》、《寶性論》和《佛性論》等經論中的如來藏(佛性)說加以反駁。 在社會批判方面，「批判佛教」認為日本社會中的歧視和不正義乃是來自「和」思想，而「和」思想是如來藏思想的產物。本文則舉例證明如來藏(佛性)思想正是實踐社會中平等、正義的理論基礎。

　　　　　The so-called Critical Buddhism was originated by two Buddhist scholars at Komazawa University: Hakamaya Noriaki and Matsumoto Shiro. It stirred up great controversy by its claims that the teachings of Tathagatagarbha, Buddhanature, original enlightenment, and the philosophy of Kyoto School are not Buddhist, and aroused great interest and responses from Buddhists and Buddhologist in Japan, North America and Taiwan. The criticism of Hakamaya and Matsumoto aimed at a number of different targets which touched on four levels:Buddhological, sectarian, social criticism, and philosophical. The main issues include: Tathagatagarbha thought, Dhatu-vada, Karma, original enlightenment, "Wa" thought, "Topical Buddhism," social discrimination, etc. These issues are too broad to be dealt with in a short article; therefore, this article focuses only on the issues in Buddhist doctrine and social discrimination. HHakamaya and Matsumoto maintain that Tathagatagarbha thought goes against the most basic Buddhist teachings of causality (pratityasamutpada) and non-self (anatman), and thus is a form of dhatu-vada. The first half portion of this article, based on the Srimaladevi Sutra, Mahaparinirvana Sutra, Ratnagotravibhaga Sastra and Buddha-nature Treatise, refutes their claims. At the level of social criticism, Critical Buddhism blamed the idea of Wa (harmony), which derives from Tathagatagarbha thought, for social discrimination and injustice. The second half of this article refutes this claim by giving examples in which Tathagatagarbha (Buddha-nature) thought is in fact the bases of social equality, freedom and justice.