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題名：游移於生物決定論與社會建構論之間：心理學中的性別意識
書刊名：女學學誌：婦女與性別研究
作者：黃囇莉 引用關係
作者(外文)：Huang, Li-li
出版日期：2003
卷期：16
頁次：頁85-120
主題關鍵詞：性別意識；女性主義心理學；演化心理學；教科書檢視；Gender consciousness；Feminist psychology；Evolutionary psychology；Textbook
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(3) 專書(0) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:2
  • 共同引用共同引用:132
  • 點閱點閱:70
本文主要目的在揭露與論述心理學領域中之性別意識與性別面貌。無論是美國或台灣的資料都顯示，心理學的學習者或專業人員的人數都是以女性居多數；近年來，女性的比例更是迅速上升，但這樣的性別比例並未使心理學變得更「女性化」。心理學的各種專業領域之間仍有明顯的性別區隔現象；從權力結構來看，男性仍居於金字塔頂端，教科書的寫作與圖片呈現也都有明顯的性別偏頗，女性的能見度依然偏低。文中論述心理學知識本身的性別面貌時，係以歷史發展為主軸，逐步呈現說明主流心理學向以「實證科升學」自居，因而也充分顯示其男性中心思維與男性化性格。七十年代之後，女性心理學者反撲，反覆檢證過去有關性別差異的各項研究，多所斬獲，不但發現後天的社會化歷程是性別差異的主要緣由，同時也提出女性自己的識見與發出自己的聲音。近年來，生物決定論學 (先天論) 在主流心理學中老調新日昌，以演化心理學現身，且有越演越烈之勢；另一方面，女性心理學也進而脫胎為女性主義心理學，主張社會建構論，更企圖在方法論層次上翻轉心理學中的知識與權力，因而使得心理學的內部張力越來越緊繃。最後論及，近年來在歐美心理學界，性別意識已經進入主流心理學，教科書的書寫輿論文的發表開始有較明顯的性別意識;在台灣，卻仍多在邊緣發聲。不過，處於雙重弱勢的台灣女性主義心理學者，因與本土文化及草根結盟而展現出特殊的風貌。
This article discloses and discusses gender consciousness and its characteristics in the discipline of Psychology. Both in the United States and Taiwan, women constitute a majority of those learning psychology or holding positions as professionals in psychology. However, this difference in gender proportions has not facilitated a feminization of psychology. If this phenomenon is analyzed from the perspective of power structure, there is no denying that men still occupy the top positions in the discipline. For instance, gender bias is visible both in the content and the pictures in psychology textbooks. Women and women's issues still have low visibility. Epistemologically and historically, mainstream psychology has maintained a standpoint of logical positivism reflecting male-centeredness and masculinity. Female psychologists criticize this position and have examined relevant past research on gender differences from the 1970s on. They suggest that gender differences result from the process of socialization and encourage women to produce their own voices. Currently, the argument of biological determination has re-emerged through the popularization of the new field of evolutionary psychology. In opposition to this development, women psychology has shifted to feminist psychology and adopted the standpoint of social constructionism, which attempts to transform knowledge and power issues in the psychological methodology. This challenge has resulted in tension within the field. Recent1y, gender consciousness has entered into mainstream discourse in Western psychology, with textbooks' contents and research gradually becoming more sensitive to gender consciousness. How­ever, gender consciousness is still marginal in Taiwan. Feminist psychologists in Taiwan existing under conditions of double disadvantage, and so have developed unique characteristics by allying themselves with indigenous psychology and grass-root groups.
期刊論文
1.Brody, L. R.(1997)。Gender and emotion: Beyond stereotypes。Journal of Social Issues，53，369-394。  new window
2.Horner, M. S.(1972)。Toward an Understanding of Achievement-related Conflicts in Women。Journal of Social Issues，28(2)，157-175。  new window
3.黃囇莉(20000800)。是盟友還是對手﹖--男性研究VS.女性主義。兩性平等教育季刊，12，25-27。  延伸查詢new window
4.Gergen, Kenneth J.(1973)。Social psychology as history。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，26(2)，309-320。  new window
5.莊耀嘉(20020600)。擇偶條件與性心理之性別差異：演化論的檢驗。中華心理學刊，44(1)，75-93。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.李美枝、鍾秋玉(19961200)。性別與性別角色析論。本土心理學研究，6，260-299。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.李美枝(19960600)。兩性關係的社會生物學原型在傳統中國與今日臺灣的表現型態。本土心理學研究，5，114-174。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.Buss, D. M.(1989)。Sex difference in human mate preference: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures。The Behavioral and Brain Sciences，12，1-49。  new window
9.Eccles, S.、Jacobs, J. E.(1986)。Social forces shape math, attitude and Performance。Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society，11(21)，367-389。  new window
10.Kimura, D.(1992)。Sex differences in the brain。Scientific American。  new window
11.Kopacz, F. M.、Smith, B. D.(1971)。Sex differences in skin conductance measures as a function of shock threat。Psychophysiology，8(3)，293-303。  new window
12.Peterson, S. B.、Kroner, T.(1992)。Gender biases in Textbooks for introductory psychology and human development。Psychology of Women Quarterly，16，17-36。  new window
13.Russo, N. F.、Denmark, F. L.(1987)。Contributions of women to psychology。Annual Reviews of Psychology，38，279-298。  new window
14.Slack, W.、Porter, D.(1980)。Training, validity and the issue of aptitude: A reply to Jackson。Harvard Educational Review，50(3)，392-401。  new window
15.吳敏而(1992)。資優女生。婦女研究通訊，17，11-12。  延伸查詢new window
16.黃?莉(2001)。性別、婚暴及諮商。本土心理學研究，15。  延伸查詢new window
17.劉惠琴(2002)。性別議題與社會改變。應用心理研究，13。  延伸查詢new window
18.Adair, J. G.、Coelho, A. E. L.、Luna, J. R.(2002)。How international is psychology?。International Journal of Psychology，37(3)，160-170。  new window
19.Archer, J.(1991)。Human sociobiology: Basic concepts and limitations。The Journal of Social Issues，47(3)，187-195。  new window
20.Caporael, L. R.、Brewer, M. B.(1991)。The quest for human nature: Social and scientific issues in evolutionary psychology。Journal of social issues，47(3)，1-9。  new window
21.Caporael, L. R.、Brewer, M. B.(1991)。Reviving evolutionary psychology: Biology meets society。Journal of social issues，47(3)，187-195。  new window
22.Liu, J. H.、Huang, L. L.(2002)。Multiple faces of indigenous Chinese psychology: Entering into a new era of engagement。Journal of psychology in Chinese societies，3(1)，1-13。  new window
23.Rapoport, A.(1991)。Ideology commitments in evolutionary theories。Journal of social issues，47(3)，83-99。  new window
24.Schmitt, D. P.(2003)。Universal sex differences in the desire for sexual variety: Tests from 52 nations, 6 continents, and 13 islands。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，85(1)，85-104。  new window
25.Swim, J.(1994)。Perceived versus meta-analytic effect size: An assessment of the accuracy of gender stereotypes。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，66，21-36。  new window
會議論文
1.黃惠玲(2002)。發展心理學教科書的圖片中之性別比例。高雄。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Sherman, J. A.(1971)。On the Psychology of Women: A Survey of Empirical Studies。On the Psychology of Women: A Survey of Empirical Studies。Springfield, Ill。  new window
2.Keller, Evelyn Fox(1985)。Reflections on Science and Gender。Reflections on Science and Gender。New Haven。  new window
3.Hogan, R.、Johnson, J.、Briggs, S.(1997)。Handbook of Personality Psychology。San Diego, CA：Academic Press。  new window
4.Atkinson, R. L.、西爾格德(1991)。心理學。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
5.Gergen, Kenneth J.、Gergen, M. M.(1984)。Historical social psychology。Hillsdale, NJ。  new window
6.Jones, Ernest(1955)。The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud。New York：Basic books。  new window
7.Erikson, E. H.(1993)。Identity: Youth and Crisis。New York：W. W. Norton & Company。  new window
8.Maccoby, Eleanor E.、Jacklin, Carol N.(1974)。The Psychology of Sex Differences。Stanford University Press。  new window
9.Harding, Sandra G.(1991)。Whose Science? Whose Knowledge?: Thinking from Women's Lives。Cornell University Press。  new window
10.Atkinson, R. L.、Atkinson, R. C.、Smith, E. E.、Bem, D. J.、Hilgard, E. R.(1990)。Introduction to Psychology。New York：Harcourt Brace Jovanovich。  new window
11.Erikson, Erik Homburger(1963)。Childhood and Society。W. W. Norton Publishing Co.。  new window
12.Gilligan, Carol(1982)。In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development。Harvard University Press。  new window
13.Paludi, M. A.(1987)。Psychometric properties and underlying assumptions of four objective measures of fear of success。The Psychology of Women: Ongoing Debates。New Haven。  new window
14.APA(1999)。Women in the American psychological association。Women in the American psychological association。Washington, D. C.。  new window
15.Gergen, Kenneth J.、Gergen, M. M.(1984)。Social psychology as history。Social psychology as history。Hillsdale, New Jersey。  new window
16.Gergen, M.(1988)。Feminist thought and the structure of knowledge。Feminist thought and the structure of knowledge。New York。  new window
17.Nicolson, P.(1995)。Feminism and psychology。Rethinking psychology。London。  new window
18.Sternberg, R. J.(2002)。Pathways to psychology。Pathways to psychology。Singapore。  new window
其他
1.黃?莉(1999)。差異與平等的辯證：兩性平等教育基本概念之釐清，臺北。  延伸查詢new window
2.Cherry, F.，Deaux, K.(1975)。Fear of succeed versus fear of gender-inconsistent behavior: A sex similarity，Chicago。  new window
圖書論文
1.黃囇莉(2002)。孰可忍？孰不可忍？從現代化的「批判」到本土化的「堅忍」之間。現代化到本土化。臺北：遠流。  延伸查詢new window
2.Gergen, M.、Davis, S.(1997)。Toward a New Psychology of Gender: A Reader。Toward a New Psychology of Gender: A Reader。New York。  new window
3.Worell, J.、Johnson, N. G.(1997)。Shaping the Future of Feminist Psychology: Education, Research, and Practice。Shaping the Future of Feminist Psychology: Education, Research, and Practice。Washington, DC。  new window
 
 
 
 
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