本文旨對國際關係理論中環境主義的本質進行初步探討，環境問 一直是人類無法有效解決的課題，未來威脅人類生存安全的最大威脅是環境問題，環境通包含生態、氣候變遷、海洋污染等等，然而任何一種污染的結果，均是全球性的，非侷限於一隅。 環境主義者強調的是透過國家的合作，以「人類中心」的角發掘問題，解決問題，其本體論則承認目前既有的國際結構，強調在這種結構下來解決環境問題，提倡問國際制度的建立，與國際關係主流理論理想主義合流，不過稍有不的是，環境主義仍帶有「價值取向」，非僅以「利益取向」為其理論的本質。不過環境王義者再怎麼努力，時常無法達成原訂的目標。文中提出國際上另一種處理環境問題的理論「生態主義」以為對照，比較兩者對「人類中心主義」不同看法。生態主義者提出「全球著眼，地方著手」的概念。也點醒了目前所遭遇到的困境，世界各國領導人在面對逐年惡化的自然環境時，應思考如何透過全球治理的新思維，拯救整個地球。

　　　　　This article focuses on the essence of environmentalism in international relations theory. The reports of the United Nations and Net Assessment Office of the Pentagon of the United States both point out the biggest threat to humankind is environmental problems. The problems are global, including ecologic imbalance, climate changes and maritime pollution, not local. Environmentalists insist on international cooperation and recognize the recent international political structure. They promote the establishment of an international environmental regime. Not only an interest-based approach but also a valued-based approach are its core thinking. The ontology of this theory is individualism, reductionism and atomism. Anthropocentrism is another core issue of environmentalism. Ecologists always criticize this issue and analyze why the Kyoto Protocol of 1997 hasn’t entered into force and hasn’t ratified by the United States. It brings up the concept of “think globally, act locally” and offers us another ways to save our earth.