Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties was an integral part of Chinese philosophy, whose different schools are the focus of the academia nowadays while it is still being argued whether there are two schools, three schools, or just one school that consists of three styles. All the above is the center of this paper from which to re-consider the schools of Neo-Confucianism. First, we point out that the two-school doctrine (one of the Chengs and Zhu Xi, the other of and Lu Jiu-yuan and Wang Shou-ren) is neither academically truthful nor theoretically complete. And we further re-consider Mo Zong-san's three-school doctrine, which we assume can clarify the theoretical truth about Neo-Confucianism. Finally, we analyze the problems with Lao Sze-kwang's doctrine about one school of three styles as well as point out how Mo Zong-san's three-school doctrine integrates “longitudinal studies” and “transversal studies”——including both self-discipline and external supervision——and therefore is our most appropriate theory about the schools of Neo-Confucianism. Therefore this paper is to explore the topic through five aspects: first, the Lianluo Guanmin’s doctrine is not concerned with theoretical systems; second, the two-school doctrine is incomplete; third, a reflection on the three schools of Neo-Confucianism; fourth, the doctrine about one school consisting of three styles; and fifth, the three-school doctrine held by scholars in mainland China.