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題名:聖典與傳譯--六朝道教經典中的「翻譯」
書刊名:中國文哲研究集刊
作者:謝世維 引用關係
作者(外文):Hsieh, Shu-wei
出版日期:2007
卷期:31
頁次:頁185-233
主題關鍵詞:道教靈寶翻譯天書LingbaoCelestial writingTranslationDaoism
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(14) 博士論文(1) 專書(3) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:9
  • 共同引用共同引用:78
  • 點閱點閱:163
道教的天書觀與聖典傳譯概念實際上是一個複雜的觀念,其中複合了許多不同的傳統,包含漢代以來藉由符瑞與天授文書的天命觀以及佛教譯經傳統。在讖緯傳統中,「天」被塑造成一個有主體性、能主動傳遞「符命」、「天命」予受命聖王的最高權威。這類天命文書常被描述爲古老字體或是無法解析的圖象紋路,似乎都是無法被一般人所解讀,因此需要透過聖者經過一定程序的解釋或翻譯,然後天的意志才可以被世俗之人所理解。這種經典傳譯觀念又與佛教的譯經傳統有很深的關聯性,當佛典傳入漢地後,記錄佛典的梵書及佉樓書被視爲是天界語言,因此佛典翻譯不是單純的異國文字轉譯,而是幸涉到神聖語言傳譯爲世俗語言的傳譯轉化問題。當道教面臨這種强勢而具宗教權威的神聖文字與經典大批翻譯傳入中國時,開始意識到道教經典的神聖性,並宣稱其經典文字並非世俗文字,而是源自於天界的文字,這種神秘的天書起源於宇宙生成之時,是先天之氣與道的化現,經過漫長的時间,才由諸神仙真轉寫,層層轉譯傳授,最後翻譯成世俗文字而成爲經書。在建構天界文字系譜時,甚至將梵文給納入這神聖的天界文字系譜中,將之視爲天書之一;或者將印度梵的觀念轉爲道教宇宙生成時先天之氣的概念,而稱之爲梵氣,而其凝成的天文稱爲「大梵隱語」。這些神秘的隱語並採用了佛教翻譯中所使用的晉譯文字,使得看來大梵隱語具有如佛教咒語般的神秘力量。其中印度文化裹將梵文作爲神聖語言的觀念與道教的天書觀被巧妙地揉合,而形成一種帶有神秘符碼性質的天界文字系譜。在道教天書神學的系統之下,道教的經典擁有一個根源性的神聖基礎,一切的經典都是由這個神聖根源輾轉翻譯而來的。
The notion of Daoist Celestial Writing was a synthesis of a variety of practices, including the Mandate of Heaven, as well as Buddhist practices and scriptural traditions. Expanding on the mythology of the auspicious celestial writs, and other portents whose mysterious appearance was proof of the ruler's authority, the Weft texts were described as ancient scripts or patterns, which needed translation in order to understand the will of Heaven. In addition, Buddhism had some impact on the notion of "translation" in Daoist scriptural tradition, especially the idea of taking Sanskrit as a type of Celestial language. In the Shangqing tradition, the theory of writing not only relates to cosmology, but also already includes Sanskrit. The inspiration for celestial script lies not only in traditional Chinese notions of writing; the idea that celestial script needed transcription and translation into a human language was strongly reinforced by the introduction of Buddhism. In certain Lingbao scriptures, the characters of the Celestial Script are based on transliterations of Sanskrit syllables. Furthermore, they are grouped into strings of pseudo-Sanskrit words. The Celestial Script is also called "the hidden language of the Great Brahman." When this Celestial Script was translated into human script, it is written with standard Buddhist transcription characters. According to the Lingbao tradition, "Brahman" refers to the "primal pneuma" which swirled in undifferentiation before the separation of Yin and Yang. This article investigates the idea of Daoist revelation as a chain of transmissions and translation that stretches across vast distances from Celestial Script to mundane language.
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31.(1995)。上清金真玉光八景飛經,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
32.(1995)。太上三天正法經,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
33.(1995)。太上洞玄靈寶十號功德因緣妙經,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
34.(1995)。太上洞玄靈寶滅度五鍊生尸妙經,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
35.(1995)。太上靈寶諸天內音自然玉字,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
36.(魏)王弼,(晉)韓康伯,(唐)孔穎達(1965)。周易注疏,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
37.(唐)辯機(1927)。大唐西域記,東京。  延伸查詢new window
38.(唐)玄嶷(1927)。甄正論,東京。  延伸查詢new window
39.(1925)。方廣大莊嚴經,東京。  延伸查詢new window
40.(1995)。洞玄靈寶玄門大義,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
41.(1995)。普曜經,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
42.尊者法救(1925)。法句經,日本。  延伸查詢new window
43.周玄貞(1995)。高上玉皇本行集經註,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
44.(秦)呂不韋(1978)。呂氏春秋,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
45.(明)朱權(1995)。天皇至道太清玉冊,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Seidel, Anna(1983)。Imperial Treasures and Taoist Sacraments。Tantric and Taoist Studies in Honour of R. A. Stein。Brussels:Institut Belge des Hautes Etudes Chinoises。  new window
2.王承文(2007)。靈寶「天文」信仰と古靈寶經教義の展開。中國宗教文獻研究。京都:臨川書店。  延伸查詢new window
3.田中文雄(1993)。河圖と道教經典。緯學研究論叢:安居香山博士追悼。東京:平河出版社。  延伸查詢new window
4.神塚淑子(2002)。六朝靈寶經に見える本生譚。中國中世社會と宗教。京都:道氣社。  延伸查詢new window
5.Lippiello, Tiziana(1999)。讖緯的不明起源和發展:從方士的傳統到漢代正統文化。道家文化研究。北京:三聯書店。  延伸查詢new window
6.Bokenkamp, Stephen R.(1983)。Sources of the Ling-pao Scriptures。Tantric and Taoist Studies in Honour of R. A. Stein。Bruxelles:Institut Belge des Hautes Études Chinoises。  new window
7.Demda, Jacques.(1988)。Des Tours de Babel。Difference in Translation。Ithaca:Cornell University Press。  new window
8.Kaltenmark, Max(1960)。Ling-pao: note sur un terme du Taoïsme religieux。Mélanges pubnés par l’Institut des Hautes Études Chinoises。Paris。  new window
9.Mair, Victor H.(1994)。Cheng Ch’iao’s Understanding of Sanskrit: The Concept of Spelling in China。A Festschrift in Honour of Professor Jao Tsung-i on the Occasion of His Seventy-Fifth Anniversary。Hong Kong:Chinese University Press。  new window
10.Stein, Rolf(1969)。Un example de relations entre taoisme et religion populaire。福井博士頌壽紀念東洋文化論集。東京:早稻田大學。  延伸查詢new window
11.李豐楙(1999)。六朝道教的末世救劫觀。末世與希望。臺北:五南。  延伸查詢new window
12.Stein, Rolf Alfred(1979)。Religious Taoism and Popular Religion from the Second to Seventh Centuries。Facets of Taoism: Essays in Chinese Religion。Yale University Press。  new window
13.平田昌司(1994)。謝靈運「十四音訓敘」の系譜--科舉制度と中國語史第一。中國語史の資料と方法。京都大學人文科學研究所。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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