從長時段來看，在近代國際法秩序中展開的亞洲主義與前近代思想有何關係？這是導出本文的主要問題意識。本文針對後期水戶學中的代表思想家會澤正志齋，考察促使日本十九世紀亞洲論述形成的江戶思想史內部理路。會澤正志齋是德川武士政權在二百多年平和生活中培養出來的具儒家思維的武士，他既是儒者，也是為世襲的武士官僚。但構成其思想來源的知識內容不僅是儒學而已，亦包括了以儒學為基礎所吸收的國學、蘭學等江戶學術。幕末日本思想之所以有趣且困難之處，即在於幕末思想家均不同程度地接受了儒學、國學、蘭學這三種息息相關但又互相競爭的學問形態，進而形成其對自我、日本、世界的認識，並據以提出其相關的政策主張。本文探討會澤如何接受儒學、國學、蘭學知識，以形成其對日本、亞洲、世界的認識與政策主張。不同於過去從國族主義思想脈絡所進行的研究，本文主要將由近代日本帝國主義、亞洲主義發展的脈絡，分析其所使用的「神州」、「中國」、「帝國」等重要概念，來說明其多層次的國家想像與對亞洲、世界的認識；既論述其所處時代的思想多元性、複雜性，也說明其多元而複雜的思想狀況，與十九世紀日本亞洲論述的內在關聯。

Asianism has played an important role in modern East Asian history. Much academic research has highlighted its problematic nature. However, most such research has only focused on the development of Asiaism after the Meiji period. This article discusses the emergence of discourses of Asia from the late Tokugawa period, focusing on the view of the national imagination of Aizawa Seishisai (1782-1863). Aizawa Seishisai was a Japanese nationalist thinker of the Mito School, which he played a major role in developing. I first survey the intellectual trends of Aizawa Seishisai's time, focusing on the question of how he imagined Japan and the world through the knowledge systems of Han learning, National learning, and Dutch learning. This article then clarifies the entangled relations between the national imagination of Aizawa Seishisai and the emergence of discourses of Asia in nineteenth-century Japan, thus contextualizing Asianism.