In democratic and free societies, many neglected and disadvantaged ethnic groups are now getting more attention that they deserve. Identification on diversity and coexistence of diversity has become the golden rules in the development of every field in modern times. This phenomenon influences the direction and goals of museum development. Due to its complexity of population and ecology, it has become an important mission of the city museum to reflect upon why and how to interpret the developments and culture of the city. This paper first discusses the background of the development of the city museum and the Kaohsiung City in the process of globalization. Next, it analyzes the beginning, development and features of the city museum with an emphasis on the explorations of “identities”. This paper explains the shaping of identities in relation to the museum exhibition, and discusses the display logic of “identityprocess of citizen identification awareness” in the permanent exhibition of the Kaohsiung City Historical Museum. Lastly, from perspective of local citizens, the author attempts to analyze the exhibitions in Kaohsiung City Historical Museum and examine if they reflect the multiple identities of modern society.