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題名：工作與家庭的意義對因應職家衝突的影響--華人雙文化自我觀之展現
書刊名：本土心理學研究
作者：陸洛 引用關係／張婷婷 引用關係／張妤玥
作者(外文)：Lu, Luo／Chang, Ting-ting／Chang, Yu-yueh
出版日期：2012
卷期：37
頁次：頁141-189
主題關鍵詞：工作與家庭衝突；工作與家庭意義；折衷自我；社會取向自我觀；個人取向自我觀；Composite self；Individual-and social-oriented self；Meaning of work and family；Work and family conflict
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(16) 博士論文(2) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:14
  • 共同引用共同引用:256
  • 點閱點閱:160
工作與家庭研究已累積了相當豐富的研究成果，但研究成果大多發表自西方國家，從生態系統理論的觀點，不同文化背景會形塑不同的價值觀、教育體制、家庭結構，最終影響到個體的發展，故不同國家的文化背景差異可能會影響工作與家庭研究結果。工作與家庭衝突是一種壓力感受，而個人賦予角色或壓力源的「意義」是造成壓力感受的關鍵因素，即個人賦予工作與家庭意義會影響個人對工作與家庭衝突的感受與因應。「自我觀」則是心理系統運作、日常生活中與他人、團體及社會互動的基礎，會影響個體對工作與家庭意義之界定。故本研究將從華人文化之「自我觀」－個人取向、社會取向與折衷自我的自我觀角度切入，探討個人如何界定工作與家庭的意義，以及如何影響工作與家庭介面的互動。本研究採用個別訪談之質性研究方法，藉深入訪談讓受訪者用豐富的生活體驗來詮釋個人的職家衝突歷程，並從中窺見個人「自我觀」對工作與家庭意義之界定，以及對職家衝突感受與因應策略選擇的影響。研究發現不同的「自我觀」，確實有截然不同的職家互動情形，工作與家庭意義是一種「主觀的意義」，基於個人建構之工作與家庭的意義，個人會投注不同的心力，而當職家衝突產生時，個人的抉擇也會有所不同。
Most research on work and family has been conducted in a Western context. From the perspective of ecological systems theory, each culture shapes the development of its people through the shared value system, family structure, and educational institutions. Culture plays an important role in the study of work and family. As work and family conflict can be stressful, the "meaning" that an individual gives to certain roles or stressors is a key factor affecting perceived strain and influencing the choice of coping strategies. One's view of oneself is the foundation of individual psychological functioning as well as one's interactions with others, groups, and the larger society. It also shapes the meaning of work and family for an individual. The present study take the vantage point of the self, namely the individual-oriented self, social-oriented self, and composite self, to explore how individuals construct the meaning of work and family, and how it in turn affects the interface between work and family.We used in-depth qualitative interviews to draw on the rich life experiences of participants to understand how they make sense of work and family conflict. We used these narrative accounts to identify the influence of self view in the construction of the meaning of work and family, in the experience of work and family conflict, and in the effort to resolve conflict. Results indicated that people with different views of self did experience work and family interactions differently. The meanings of work and family are subjective, and based upon these personal convictions, people devote different levels of effort and adopt different strategies to cope with work and family conflict.
期刊論文
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3.Lu, L.、Gilmour, R.(2004)。Culture and conceptions of happiness: Individual oriented and social oriented SWB。Journal of Happiness Studies，5(3)，269-291。  new window
4.Lu, L.、Gilmour, R.(2004)。Culture, self and ways to achieve SWB: a cross-cultural analysis。Journal of psychology in Chinese societies，5(1)，51-79。  new window
5.Oldham, Greg R.(1976)。Job Characteristics and Internal Motivation: The Moderating Effect of Interpersonal and Individual Variables。Human Relations，29(6)，559-569。  new window
6.Sampson, E. E.(1989)。The challenge of Social Change for Psychology: Globalization and Psychology's Theory of the Person。American Psychologist，44，914-921。  new window
7.Lu, L.、Kao, S. F.、Chang, T. T.、Wu, H. P.、Zhang, J.(2008)。The individual- and social-oriented Chinese bicultural self: A sub-cultural analysis contrasting mainland Chinese and Taiwanese。Social Behavior and Personality，36(3)，337-346。  new window
8.Markus, Hazel Rose、Kitayama, Shinobu(1991)。Cultural and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation。Psychological Review，98(2)，224-253。  new window
9.Lu, Luo(2008)。The Individual-Oriented and Social-Oriented Chinese Bicultural Self: Testing the Theory。Journal of Social Psychology，148(3)，347-374。  new window
10.Guest, D. E.(2002)。Perspectives on the Study of Work-life Balance。Social Science Information，41(2)，255-279。  new window
11.Lu, L.、Lin, Y. Y.(1998)。Family roles and happiness in adulthood。Personality and Individual Differences，25(2)，195-207。  new window
12.畢恆達(20001200)。從環境災害過程中探索家的意義：民生別墅與林肯大郡的個案分析。應用心理研究，8，57-82。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.Barnett, Rosalind Chait、Hyde, Janet Shibley(2001)。Women, men, work, and family: An expansionist theory。American Psychologist，56(10)，781-796。  new window
14.Wrzesniewski, A.、Dutton, J. E.、Debebe, G.(2003)。Interpersonal Sensemaking and the Meaning of Work。Research in Organizational Behavior: An Annual Series of Analytical Essays and Critical Reviews，25，93-135。  new window
15.Byron, K.(2005)。A meta-analytic review of work-family conflict and its antecedents。Journal of Vocational Behavior，67(2)，169-198。  new window
16.Bronfenbrenner, U.(1986)。Ecology of the Family as a Context for Human Development: Research Perspectives。Developmental Psychology，22(6)，723-742。  new window
17.Morse, N. C.、Weiss, R. S.(1955)。The function and meaning of work and the job。American Sociological Review，20(2)，191-198。  new window
18.Kitayama, Shinobu、Markus, Hazel Rose(1998)。The cultural psychology of personality。Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology，29(1)，63-87。  new window
19.陸洛(20031200)。人我關係之界定--「折衷自我」的現身。本土心理學研究，20，139-207。new window  延伸查詢new window
20.Edwards, Jeffrey R.、Rothbard, Nancy P.(2000)。Mechanisms linking work and family: Clarifying the relationship between work and family constructs。Academy of Management Review，25(1)，178-199。  new window
21.陸洛(2007)。個人取向與社會取向的自我觀：概念分析與實徵測量。美中教育評論，4(2)，1-23。new window  延伸查詢new window
22.楊國樞(20041200)。華人自我的理論分析與實徵研究：社會取向與個人取向的觀點。本土心理學研究，22，11-80。new window  延伸查詢new window
23.Roe, R. A.、Ester, P.(1999)。Values and work: empirical findings and theoretical perspective。Applied Psychology: An International Review，48(1)，1-21。  new window
24.劉惠琴(20000600)。母女關係的社會建構。應用心理研究，6，97-130。new window  延伸查詢new window
25.楊國樞(1982)。緣及其在現代化生活中的作用。中華文化復興月刊，15，19-42。  延伸查詢new window
26.Rosso, B. D.、Dekas, K. H.、Wrzesniewski, A.(2010)。On the meaning of work: A theoretical integration and review。Research in Organizational Behavior，30(0)，91-127。  new window
27.Wrzesniewski, A.、McCauley, C. R.、Rozin, P.、Schwartz, B.(1997)。Jobs, careers, and callings: People's relations to their work。Journal of Research in Personality，31(1)，21-33。  new window
28.Rothausen, T. J.(1999)。'Family' in organizational research: A review and comparison of definitions and measures。Journal of Organizational Behavior，20(6)，817-836。  new window
圖書
1.Marsella, Anthony J.、Devos, George、Hsu, Francis L. K.(1985)。Culture and self: Asian and western perspectives。New York：Tavistock。  new window
2.Brief, A. P.、Nord, W. R.(1990)。Meanings of occupational Work。Lexington, MA：Lexington Books。  new window
3.Boss, P.(1988)。Family stress management。Newbury Park, CA。  new window
4.歐用生(1989)。質的研究。臺北市：師大師苑。  延伸查詢new window
5.Shweder, Richard A.(1991)。Thinking through Cultures: Expeditions in Cultural Psychology。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。  new window
6.Hofstede, Geert H.(1980)。Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values。Beverly Hills, California：Sage。  new window
7.Miller, William L.、Crabtree, Benjamin F.(1999)。Doing Qualitative Research。Sage Publications。  new window
8.Hackman, J. Richard、Oldham, Greg R.(1980)。Work Redesign。Addison-Wesley Publishing Company。  new window
9.Triandis, Harry Charalambos(1995)。Individualism and collectivism。Westview Press。  new window
10.Kvale, Steinar(1996)。Interviews: An introduction to qualitative research interviewing。Sage。  new window
11.Kahn, R. L.、Wolfe, D.、Quinn, R.、Snocek, J. D.、Rosenthal, R. A.(1985)。Organizational stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity。NEW York, NY：Wiley。  new window
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13.Bowes, J. M.(2005)。Emphasizing the family in work-family research: A review of current research and recommendations for future directions。Work and family: An international research perspective。Mahwah, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.。  new window
14.楊國樞(2003)。Beyond Maslow’s culture-bound, linear theory: A preliminary statement of the Double-Y model of basic human needs。Nebraska symposium on motivation, cross-cultural differences in perspectives on the self。Lincoln, NE。  new window
15.Nord, W. R.、Brief, A. P.、Atieh, J. M.、Doherty, E. M.(1990)。Studying meanings of work。The case of work values Meanings of occupational work: A collection of essays。Lexington, MA。  new window
圖書論文
1.Geurts, S. A. E.、Demerouti, E.(2003)。Work/non-work interface: A review of theories and findings。The handbook of work and health psychology。Chichester, NH：John Wiley & Sons。  new window
2.Wrzesniewski, A.(2003)。Finding positive meaning in work。Positive organizational scholarship: Foundations of a new discipline。Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc.。  new window
3.Yang, K. S.(1995)。Chinese social orientation: An integrative analysis。Chinese societies and mental health。Hong Kong：New York：Oxford University Press。  new window
4.Hsu, F. L. K.(1985)。The self in cross-cultural perspective。Culture and Self: Asian and Western perspectives。Tavistock。  new window
5.Kim, U.(1994)。Individualism and Collectivism: Conceptual Clarification and Elaboration。Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method, and Applications。Sage。  new window
6.Pratt, M. G.、Ashforth, B. E.(2003)。Fostering meaningfulness in working and at work。Positive organizational scholarship: Foundations of a New Discipline。San Francisco：Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc.。  new window
7.Locke, E. A.、Taylor, M. S.(1990)。Stress, coping, and the meaning of work。Meanings of occupational work。Lexington Books。  new window
 
 
 
 
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