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題名：選舉制度對政黨體系之影響：臺灣總統、縣市長、立法委員、任務型國大選舉之實例比較
書刊名：政治科學論叢
作者：李柏諭 引用關係
作者(外文)：Lee, Po-yu
出版日期：2006
卷期：27
頁次：頁69-111
主題關鍵詞：選舉制度；政黨體系；新制度論；理性選擇制度論；策略投票；有效政黨數；Electoral system；Party system；New institutionalism；Rational choice institutionalism；Strategic voting；The effective number of parties
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(3) 專書(1) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:4
  • 共同引用共同引用:533
  • 點閱點閱:106
「制度有效乎（institution matters）？」這個命題是晚近政治學界針對政治選擇與政治行為持續所探討的重點之一。大多數的制度論者往往都會假定，選舉制度對於政黨體系之影響有著直接的關聯性。本文乃著重於「個人選擇」與「制度設計」之間的層際連結，以「跨層次推論分析探討選舉方式的制度性抉擇與政黨體系之形成與否的相關性。究竟是什麼選舉規則本身難以改變的「機械因素」之制約，從而影響選民投票的「心理因素」，造成所謂「策略投票」或「複雜投票」的政治現象？政黨、候選人與選民是否會根據不同選舉制度間的差異性直接或間接決定其選舉策略之操作，最終牽引著不同類型的「區域層次」或「國家層次」政黨體系之形塑？因此，本文欲對於世界主要民主國家所採取不同的選舉制度──「單一選區相對多數決制」、「單記非讓渡投票制」、「比例代表制」──在台灣的應用進行檢證，並進一步分析探討這三個制度變數對依變數「政黨體系」之影響。本文將以中央選舉委員會選舉資料庫所提供台灣第九任至第十一任總統選舉、第九屆至第十四屆縣市長選舉、第四屆至第六屆立法委員選舉，及二○○五年剛舉辦的任務型國大選舉之資料，以有效政黨數的計算公式為測量指標，進行實證分析，並藉以說明「選舉制度對政黨體系之影響」。
“Do institutions matter?” This question has been important to the study of political science, in recent years especially to the study of the relation between political behavior and its outcomes. Most scholars tend to regard the institutional organization and practice as influential factors directly relevant to the operation of the electoral system as well as that of the party system. To clarify this general presupposition, this paper focuses on the linkage between “individual choice” and “institutional design” and adopts a “cross-level analysis” to examine the relationship between institutional choices of the electoral system and the formation of different types of party system. Moreover, this paper attempts to show that different kinds of electoral systems will lead to distinctive outcomes, which could influence the formation of the party system as well as individual voting behavior. To demonstrate the influences of the electoral system exerted on the individual decision, this paper further explores how the “mechanical factor” regulated by the electoral system constrains the “psychological factor” of the voter’s mind and eventually leads to the so-called “strategic voting” or “complex voting.” In addition, to infer possible reasons for the influences of the electoral system on the party system, this paper employs the number of valid parties as an indicator of the fragmentation of the party system. This number is the analytical result of the empirical data from Taiwan Presidential Election, County Magistrate and Mayoral Election, Legislator Election, and Missionary National Assembly Representative Election. The effective number of parties is utilized to analyze the electoral results of three electoral systems—plurality with single-member-district system, single non-transferable vote, and proportional representation. Through the analysis, this paper intends to show that these three electoral systems do respectively lead to quite different consequences in the distinctive forms of the district-level and the national-level party system.
期刊論文
1.Galbraith, John W.、Rae, Nicol C.(1989)。A test of the importance of tactical voting: Great Britain, 1987。British Journal of Political Science，19(1)，126-136。  new window
2.Reed, Steven R.(1990)。Structure and Behaviour: Extending Duverger's Law to the Japanese Case。British Journal of Political Science，20(3)，335-356。  new window
3.Hay, Colin、Wincott, Daniel(1998)。Structure, Agency and Historical Institutionalism。Political Studies，46(5)，951-957。  new window
4.Dessler, David(1989)。What's at Stake in the Agent-Structure Debate?。International Organization，43(3)，441-473。  new window
5.Cox, Gary W.(1994)。Strategic Voting Equilibria under the Single Nontransferable Vote。American Political Science Review，88(3)，608-621。  new window
6.林繼文(20011200)。創設、選擇與演化--制度形成的三個理論模式。政治學報，32，61-94。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.吳東野(19960500)。「單一選區兩票制」選舉方法之探討--德國、日本、俄羅斯選舉之實例比較。選舉研究，3(1)，69-102。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.徐斯勤(20011200)。新制度主義與當代中國政治研究--理論與應用之間對話的初步觀察。政治學報，32，95-170。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.郭承天(20001200)。新制度論與政治經濟學。政治學報，31，171-201。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.Hall, Peter A.、Taylor, Rosemary C. R.(1996)。Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms。Political Studies，44(5)，936-957。  new window
11.March, James G.、Olsen, Johan P.(1984)。The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life。American Political Science Review，78(3)，734-749。  new window
12.王鼎銘(20030300)。策略投票及其影響之檢測：二○○一年縣市長及立委選舉結果的探討。東吳政治學報，16，95-123。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.黃紀(20040900)。Explaining Referendum Voting Choices in Taiwan。Issues & Studies，40(3/4)，316-333。new window  new window
14.王業立(19950500)。單記非讓渡投票制的政治影響：我國民意代表選舉制度的探討。選舉研究，2(1)，147-167。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.陳佳吉(20040900)。選舉制度與政黨體系關聯性之研究。復興崗學報，81，133-176。new window  延伸查詢new window
16.黃秀端(20010900)。單一選區與複數選區相對多數制下的選民策略投票。東吳政治學報，13，37-75。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.謝復生(20001200)。理性抉擇理論的回顧與前瞻。政治學報，31，141-153。new window  延伸查詢new window
18.葉俊榮(2000)。修憲程序：建立任務型國大後所帶動變革。月旦法學，61，34-39。new window  延伸查詢new window
19.王維芳(2002)。「半總統制」下的政治穩定：以中華民國為例。遠景基金會季刊，3(3)，47-74。new window  延伸查詢new window
20.Kincaid, Harold(1986)。Reduction, Explanation, and Individualism。Philosophy of Science，53，492-513。  new window
研究報告
1.朱雲漢、胡佛、林佳龍、林繼文(2000)。民主化與憲政變遷：臺灣經驗的國際比較。0。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.徐永明、黃紀(2001)。政治分析的層次。臺北：韋伯。  延伸查詢new window
2.Knight, Jack(1992)。Institutions and Social Conflict。Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.Cox, Gary W.(1997)。Making Votes Count。Cambridge。  new window
4.Duverger, Maurice、Barbara, Robert、North, Robert(1966)。Political Parties: Their Organization and Activity in the Modern State。New York：Wiley。  new window
5.雷競旋(1989)。選舉制度概論。臺北：洞察出版社。  延伸查詢new window
6.Rae, Douglas W.(1971)。The Political Consequence of Electoral Laws。New Haven, Conn.：Yale University Press。  new window
7.吳文程(2001)。政黨與選舉概論。台北：五南圖書出版公司。  延伸查詢new window
8.王業立(200108)。比較選舉制度。台北：五南圖書出版公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.Green, Donald P.、Shapiro, Ian(1994)。Pathologies of Rational Choice Theory: A Critique of Applications in Political Science。Yale University Press。  new window
10.Norris, Pippa(2004)。Electoral Engineering: Voting Rules and Political Behavior。New York, NY。  new window
11.Downs, Anthony J.(1957)。An Economic Theory of Democracy。New York：Harper and Row。  new window
12.謝復生(1992)。政黨比例代表制。臺北市：理論與政策雜誌社。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.施正鋒(1999)。臺灣政治建構。臺北：前衛出版社。  延伸查詢new window
14.陳敦源(20020000)。民主與官僚：新制度論的觀點。臺北：韋伯文化。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.Lalman, David、Oppenheimer, Joe、Swistak, Piotr(1993)。Formal Rational Choice Theory: A Cumulative Science of Politics。Political Science: The State of the Discipline II。Washington, DC。  new window
16.Lijphart, Arend(1994)。Pattern of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-six Countries。Pattern of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-six Countries。New Haven。  new window
圖書論文
1.Riker, William H.(1986)。Duverger's Law Revisited。Electoral Laws and Their Political Consequences。New York：Agathon Press, Inc.。  new window
2.Weingast, Barry R.(2002)。Rational Choice Institutionalism。Political Science: State of the Discipline。Washington, D. C：American Political Science Association。  new window
3.Duverger, Maurice(1986)。Duverger's Law: Forty Years Later。Electoral Laws and Their Political Consequences。New York：Agathon Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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