本文以特納與霍伯有關學校制度與教育系統分類之理論為基礎，來分析臺灣教育選拔制度的形式與理念，並進一步瞭解此教育選拔制度在促進階層流動與達成均等社會目標之效用。 臺灣的學校制度承襲自大陸時期的基礎，以模仿美國學制而來，美國的教育理念以均等主義、成就取向與普同主義為訴求，而臺灣早期在物質條件缺乏與傳統科舉拔掙英才觀念之影響下，徒有美國學校制度之形式，實質上選拔人才之條件與方式頗與歐陸國家相似。近十幾年來在增加學校制度之彈性與改變入學方式上，確實朝向更均等與大眾教育之方向發展，然而因中央集權的教育行政體制，使得此方向之改革仍得視中央漸釋權力而定。至於愈趨開放均等之教育選拔制度是否能更加增進社會流動之速率，驗諸有關臺灣社會流動之實証資料與歐美研究結果，教育僅是整個社會之一環，對於經濟因素所造成之社會不均等現象，若欲以教育單一方式解決之，不僅是一種迂迴策略，而且不能保証成效。唯有同時進行經濟與社會福利之改革，教育方能與之配合而期獲得相輔相成之效果。

　　　　　Turner and Hopper's theories on school system and the typology of educational system have been used to analyze Taiwan's educational system; The form and the ideology of implementation of Taiwan's educational selection system will be the focus. In addition, the conventional wisdow supposes a liberal educational system will increase the rate of social mobility, therefore, the relationship between Taiwan's educational selection system and social mobility will be investigated. School system in Taiwan has been an Anerican model. However, American ideologies on education, such as egalitarianism, achievement-orientation and universalism, were not really popular in Taiwan in the past. One reason could be nosuffivient financial resources to support the mass education; the traditional elitist ideology could be another reason. However, in the last decade, there are a lot reforms in Taiwan's educational system, such as increasing the flexibility of school system, adopting multiple strategies in student recruitment. It seems Taiwan is moving towards a more egalitarian educational system. However, the centralized educational system is still expected to release power to do more reforms. With regard to the educational selection system and social mobility, Taiwan cames across the same problem with other countries, that is the solution of the issue of social inequality should be worked out by economic, social and educational sectors together.