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題名：閱聽人與新聞閱讀--閱聽人概念的轉變
書刊名：新聞學研究
作者：張文強
作者(外文)：Chang, Wen-chiang
出版日期：1997
卷期：55
頁次：頁291-310
主題關鍵詞：閱聽人；新聞閱讀；認知心理學；讀者反應論；詮釋社群；Audience；News reading；Cognitive psychology；Reader-response criticism；Interpretive communities
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(3) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:5
  • 共同引用共同引用:303
  • 點閱點閱:34
　　　　　接近分析的興起，為傳統以實證方式進行的閱聽人研究開起另一條研究途徑，使其顯得生機盎然。在此同時，閱聽人的觀念也產生重大改變，從原來被動接收資訊的角色轉變成積極主動的資訊處理者，除了會主動選擇使用的媒介外，對媒介提供的資訊也會主動進行詮釋。 　　然而除了傳播研究外，認知心理學以及文學批評中的讀者反應論，也同樣關心閱聽人乃至進一步與新聞閱讀有關的問題，並各自從不同的角度進行研究，提出豐富的理論論述。本文便企圖整合以上三個領域，對閱聽人以及閱讀行為進行探討，並在最後提出進一步值得關心的焦點。
　　　　　In 1980's, the reception analysis provided an alternative to the traditional empirical audience research. Meanwhile, key changes took place in the concept of audience. The role of audience is seen as active. Readers can not only use the media upon their request, but also actively involve in interpreting the information on the media. 　　In addition to mass communication theories, cognitive psychology and reader-response criticism also have a long interest in the study on audience and reading from quite different perspectives. This essay tries to integrate these three fields in the effort to pursuing research on both audience and news reading. A few remarks relating to the changing concept of audience and worthy of further attention are made.
期刊論文
1.Wolfe, A. S.(1992)。Who's Gotta have it? The ownership of meaning and mass media texts。Critical Studies in Media Communication，9(3)，261-276。  new window
2.Morley, David(1993)。Active Audience Theory: Pendulums and Pitfalls。Journal of Communication，43(4)，13-19。  new window
3.Carragee, K. M.(1990)。Interpretive media study and interpretive social science。Critical Studies in Mass Communication，7(2)，81-96。  new window
4.Londlof, Thomas(1991)。The Qualitative Study of Media Audiences。Journal of Broadcasts & Electronic Media，35(1)，23-42。  new window
5.Findahl, O.、Hoijer, B.(1981)。Studies of News from the Perspective of Human Comprehension。Mass Communication Review Yearbook，2，393-403。  new window
6.Curran, J.(1990)。The New Revisionism in Mass Communication Research: A Reappraisal。European Journal of Communication，5(2/3)，135-164。  new window
7.Wicks, R. H.(1992)。Schema Theory and measurement in mass communication research: Theoretical and methodological issues in news information processing。Communication Yearbook，15，115-145。  new window
8.翁秀琪(19930600)。閱聽人研究的新趨勢--收訊分析的理論與方法。新聞學研究，47，1-15。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.McKeown, M. G.、Beck, I. L.、Sinatra, G. M.、Loxterman, J. A.(1992)。The contribution of prior knowledge and coherent text to comprehension。Reading Research Quarterly，27(1)，78-93。  new window
10.Jensen, K. B.、Rosengren, K. E.(1990)。Five traditions in search of the audience。European Journal of Communication，5(2/3)，207-238。  new window
11.Evans, W.(1990)。The interpretive turn in media research。Critical Studies in Mass Communication，7(2)，145-168。  new window
12.Jensen, K. B.(1987)。Qualitative audience research: Toward an integrative approach to reception。Critical Studies in Mass Communication，4，21-36。  new window
13.Livingstone, S. M.(1990)。Interpreting a television narrative: How different viewers see a story。Journal of Communication，40(1)，72-85。  new window
14.Livingstone, S. M.(1993)。The raise and fall of audience research: an old story with a new ending。Journal of Communication，43(4)，5-12。  new window
15.Moores, Shaun(1990)。Texts, readers and contexts of reading: Developments in the study of media audience。Media, Culture and Society，12，9-29。  new window
16.McCombs, M. E.(1981)。Agenda setting approach。Mass Communication Review Yearbook，2。  new window
17.Nord, D. P.(1995)。Reading the newspaper: Strategies and politics of reader response, Chicago, 1912-1917。Journal of Communication，45(3)，66-93。  new window
18.Roscoe, J.、Marshall, H.、Gleesson, K.(1995)。The television audience: A reconsideation of the taken-for-granted theme 'active', 'social' and 'critical'。European Journal of Communication，10(1)，87-108。  new window
19.Tuckman, G.(1993)。Realism and romance: The study of media effect。Journalism of Communication，43(4)，36-41。  new window
20.Biocca, Frank A.(1988)。Opposing conceptions of the audience: The active and passive hemispheres of mass communication theory。Communication Yearbook，11(1)，51-80。  new window
21.Findahl, O.、Höijer, Birgitta(1985)。Some characteristics of news memory and comprehension。Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media，29(4)，379-396。  new window
22.Hoijer, Birgitta(1992)。Socio-cognitive structures and television reception。Media, Culture and Society，14，583-603。  new window
會議論文
1.鍾蔚文、臧國仁、陳韻如、張文強、朱玉芬(1995)。新聞的框架效果。一九九三中文傳播研究暨教育研討會。臺北：國立政治大學傳播學院研究中心。243-256。  延伸查詢new window
2.芳玫(1995)。電視連續劇觀眾研究：由觀眾詮釋模式看女性與社會規範的互動關係。政治大學新聞教育六十週年研討會。  延伸查詢new window
3.Elliott, W. R.、Lin, C. A.、Sothirajah, J.(1989)。Predicting future theatrical and video moive use: Movie gratifications, avoidances, and dependency。AEJMC。Washington, D.C.。  new window
圖書
1.Freund, Elizabeth(1987)。The Return of the Reader: Reader-response Criticism。London。  new window
2.Lachman, Roy、Butterfield, Earl C.、Lachman, Janet L.(1979)。Cognitive psychology and information processing: An introduction。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
3.施叔青(1995)。遍山洋紫荊。臺北：洪範書店。  延伸查詢new window
4.Livingstone, Sonia M.(1990)。Making Sense of Television: The Psychology of Audience Interpretation。Pergamon Press。  new window
5.Ashcraft, M. H.(1994)。Human memory and cognition。HarperCollins College Publishers。  new window
6.Fish, Stanley(1980)。Is There a Text in This Class? The Authority of Interpretative Communities。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。  new window
7.Holub, Robert C.(1984)。Reception Theory: A Critical Introduction。Methuen。  new window
8.Jauss, Hans Robert、Bahti, Timothy(1982)。Toward an Aesthetic of Reception。Minneapolis：University of Minnesota Press。  new window
9.Lewis, J.(1991)。The Ideological Octopus。New York：London：Routledge。  new window
10.Leibes, Tamar、Katz, Elihu(1990)。The export of meaning: Cross-cultural readings of Dallas。New York：Oxford University Press。  new window
11.Solso, R. L.(1991)。Cognitive psychology。Needham Heights, MA。  new window
12.Best, J. B.(1992)。Cognitive Psychology。West Publishing Company。  new window
13.Barthes, R.(1977)。Image, Music, Text。New York：The Noonday Press。  new window
14.Lowery, S. A.、DeFleur, M. L.(1988)。Milestones in Mass Communication Research。N.Y.：Longman。  new window
15.Moores, S.(1993)。Interpreting Audience。London：Sage。  new window
16.Morley, D.(1992)。Television, Audiences & Cultural Studies。London：New York：Routledge。  new window
17.Newton, K. M.(1990)。Interpreting the Text。New York：St. Martin's Press。  new window
18.Reed, S. K.(1984)。Cognition: Theory and Applications。Pacific Grove, California：Brooks and Cole。  new window
19.Schank, R. C.(1991)。Tell Me a Story: Narrative and Intelligence。Illinois：Northwestern University Press。  new window
20.Turner, G.(1990)。British Cultural Studies。New York：London：Routledge。  new window
21.蔡源煌(1989)。從浪漫主義到後現代主義。台北：雅典。  延伸查詢new window
22.Eagleton, Terry(1983)。Literary Theory: An Introduction。Oxford：Basil Blackwell。  new window
23.Iser, Wolfgang(1978)。The act of reading。The Johns Hopkins University Press。  new window
24.鄭昭明(1993)。認知心理學：理論與實踐。桂冠圖書股份有限公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
25.McQuail, Denis(1994)。Mass Communication Theory: An Introduction。Sage。  new window
26.周華山(1993)。意義--詮釋學的啟迪。臺灣商務。  延伸查詢new window
27.鄭明娳(1993)。通俗文學。揚智。  延伸查詢new window
28.Fiske, S.、Taylor, S.(1991)。Social Cognition。New York：McGraw-Hill。  new window
圖書論文
1.何春蕤(1991)。多元開放的文學教室--史丹利．費許的務實作風。文學的後設思考。臺北：正中書局。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.孫小玉(1991)。解鈴？繫鈴？--羅蘭巴特。文學的後設思考：當代文學理論家。台北市：正中書局。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.Markus, Hazel、Zajonc, R. B.(1985)。The cognitive perspective in social psychology。Handbook of Social Psychology: Theory and Method。New York：Random House。  new window
4.Rumelhart, David E.(1984)。Schemata and the cognitive system。Handbook of Social Cognition。Hillsdale, New Jersey：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.。  new window
5.Ang, I.(1990)。The nature of the audience。Questioning the Media: A Critical Introduction。London：Sage。  new window
6.Allen, R. C.(1992)。Audience-oriented criticism and television。Channels of Discourse, Reassembled。London：Routledge。  new window
7.Crockett, W. H.(1988)。Schemas, affect, and communication。Communication, Social Cognition, and Affect。Hillsdale, N. J.：LEA。  new window
8.Hay, J.、Grossberg, L.、Wartella, E.(1996)。[The Audience and its Landscape] Introduction。The Audience and its Landscape。Colorado：Westview Press。  new window
9.Jensen, K. B.(1991)。Humanistic scholarship as qualitative science: contributions to mass communication research。A Handbook of Qualitative Methodologies for Mass Communication Research。New York：London：Routledge。  new window
10.Jensen, K. B.(1991)。Reception analysis: Mass communication as the social production meaning。A Handbook of Qualitative Methodologies for Mass Communication Research。New York：London：Routledge。  new window
11.Kellermann, K.、Lim, T.(1989)。Inference-generating knowledge structure in message processing。Message Effects in Communication Science。Newbury Park, C. A.：Sage。  new window
12.Morley, D.(1989)。Changing paradigms in audience studies。Remote Control: Television, Audience and Cultural Power。London：New York：Routledge。  new window
13.Palmgreen, P.、Wenner, L. A.、Rosengren, K. E.(1985)。Uses and gratifications research: The past ten years。Media Gratifications Research: Current Perspective。Beverly Hills, CA：Sage。  new window
14.Morley, D.、Silverstone, R.(1991)。Communication and context: ethnographic perspective on the media effect。A Handbook of Qualitative Methodologies for Mass Communication Research。New York：London：Routledge。  new window
15.Rumelhart, D. E.、Norman, D. A.(1988)。Representation in memory。Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Pssychology, Volume 1: Perception and Motivation。New York：John Wiley & Sons。  new window
16.Signorielli, Nancy、Morgan, Michael(1990)。Cultivation Analysis: Conceptualization and Methodology。Cultivation Analysis: New Directions in Media Effects Research。Newbury Park, CA：Sage。  new window
17.Mailloux, S.(1990)。Interpretation。Critical Terms for Literary Study。Chicago, IL：The University of Chicago Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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