This paper gives an account of Mencius' conception of the validity of morality through the two concepts of ssu and chih-yen. What Mencian moral philosophy explains constantly is the legitimate ground of morality and how this legitimacy could be realized in the objective world. This conception is based on two assumptions. First, human beings are moral beings, and because they are self-perfecting beings, they could not be merely subjected to the instinctive need of survival, nor the conditioning of the necessities of social maintenance. Second, though human beings are moral beings, they are also biological, psychological and social existence, and to realize themselves, they have to transform these limitations into the medium for self realization.Thus, from these two assumptions, human beings have first to be what a human being should be, and start by self reflection (ssu) in daily affairs. Though social environment and psychological conditions bear important functions in one's growth, these could not be the ground of moral construction. Morality is not internalization through learning, but manifests through learning. Hence, in the view of Mencian moral philosophy, learning or knowing the objective world (chih-yen) is regarded as the way of interaction and sustaining of inner morality with the historical and social conditions, rather than the inculcation of external value onto the natural mind.