In the 1990s, compared to the past, the teacher education has experienced a more radical change in the world. As part of the global society, under the impact of world trends of teacher education and the Western social thoughts, and facing the challenges from inside social change, Taiwan's teacher education also has experienced a serial of radical changes. The main achievements of Taiwan's teacher education reform in the early 1990s are to change the teacher education system from centralised and monopolised to decentralised and pluralised one and to make it from a planned-oriented system to open-market one. In fact, the factors those have considerable influence on Taiwan's teacher education are variable but the more influential are the nature of the teacher education system, traditional values and social structural changes of Taiwan and the Western social thoughts. This paper aims at discussing and analysing how the determinant factors influence Taiwan's teacher education reform in the early 1990s. The reform results in the implementation of a new initial teacher training system, hence this paper will also make a critical review on this newly established system. The main perspective used to analyse Taiwan's teacher education reform in the early 1990s is social-political perspective. The main body of the analysis is located in the fourth section in this paper. This paper is divided into three main parts: first, the background; second, the review on the related documents; and finally, the discussion and analysis on the determinant factors of Taiwan's teacher education reform. According to the analysis on related documents, literature, and the influential social structural determinants, some of them have been mentioned above, from inside and outside Taiwan's society, are the Western social thoughts, the world trends of teacher education, political ideology, traditional values, the high social reputation of teacher and teaching and structural unemployment.