The present essay begins by exploring the Special Issue on Chinese and Western Landscape Painting Thought issues by the Chinese Painting Monthly in 1935. The evidence contained within the journal, together with materials found in other Republican period fine arts periodicals, is then used to examine the question of how debates in the fields of Chinese and Western landscape took shape with regard to the early Republican borrowing, adaptation, and transmission of the notion of nature and naturalness. The paper examines how the two schools of landscape painting theory analyzed the concept of nature by exploring and comparing the histories of the two traditions, engaging in dialectic on the fixed-point and layered perspective of natural space, and arguing whether the representation of landscape was an imaginative or realistic endeavor. The publication of the special issue demonstrates the extent to which the painting world of 1930's Shanghai explored the historically conscious tradition of painting and used distinctive language in responding to the West. Within the lineage of Chinese landscape, of which their countrymen were so proud, and flourishing world of Western landscape, they found similar subjects and points of correspondence in the two tradition' conceptualization of nature. Together, these observations formed the basis for the comparative study of the fine arts of China and West. Indeed, what we are facing is not merely the subject of landscape, but in fact the formal manifestations of mental, realistic, and scientific constructs. This is the Chinese call to the wild-the expression of nature as a marvelous cultural landscape.