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題名：從經濟社會及文化權利國際公約之水資源保障談中科四期開發計畫之爭議
書刊名：國家發展研究
作者：趙祥／周桂田 引用關係
作者(外文)：Chao, Hsiang／Chou, Kuei-tien
出版日期：2013
卷期：13:1
頁次：頁93-155
主題關鍵詞：用水人權；水資源政策；社會經濟與文化權利國際公約；中科四期；農業用水保障；人權研究取徑；Human right to water；General Comment No. 15；Central Taiwan Science Park Phase IV；Climate change justice；Human rights approach
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:1597
  • 點閱點閱:35
由於水資源伴隨氣候變遷所不斷加深的稀缺性、合理的近用權與分配公平性在世界各國不斷引發的爭議，聯合國經濟及社會委員會《第十五號一般性意見》清楚強調了「用水人權」及藉以保障其他權利實現之重要性，包括生存權、健康權及適足生活權等。同時，2009年3月我國立法院通過《社會經濟及文化權利國際公約》，則涵蓋了上述用水人權的基本保障問題。2008年8月，國科會選定「中科四期二林園區開發案」衍生了高科技放流水汙染、工業借調農業用水及環評結論不合法等問題，並引發當地民眾與社會各方之關注。由於本案攸關用水人權及水資源相關權利保障，因此，本文藉由《第十五號一般性意見》關於用水人權之概念意涵及相關衍生之國家義務，探討氣候變遷正義及水資源相關權利概念，並檢視中科四期開發案中民眾水資源事務參與之程序、化學品使用及排放管制，以及農工業用水分配正當性等問題。我們以較為宏觀之人權研究取徑及方式，對政府各部門用水借調、工業廢水排放管制之法令，提出相應之檢討意見，並指出我國政府日後在審查與核可重大開發案涉及水資源相關權利爭議，應依循國際人權準則進行。同時，也應依此確立因應氣候變遷衝擊下永續生活與水資源運用政策。
The effect of climate change on the scarcity, reasonable accessibility and distributional fairness of water has provoked debates around the world, General Comment No. 15 announced by the U.N. Economic and Social Commission in 2002 explicitly emphasized the importance of ”the human right to water” and its relation to protecting other human rights such as the rights to life, health and an adequate living standard. At the same time, Taiwan's Legislative Yuan passed the International Covenant of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which includes the basic protection of the human right to water.In August 2008, the National Science Council chose the site for the Phase II Taiwan Science Park Development Project Phase II. The project created controversy over issues of polluted water discharge, water allocation between agricultural and industrial utilization, and procedural injustice in the environmental impact assessment process. These controversies drew attention to the issue of water rights both locally and throughout Taiwanese society. This study applies the definition of the human right to water embodied in General Comment No.15 and the obligations of nation states implied by that definition to discuss the justice of climate change and the concept of water resources. The paper examines procedures for public participation in water resource management, regulations on chemical use and discharge, and the legitimacy of water allocation between agriculture and industry.Applying a broad human rights research approach, this study makes recommendations to relevant authorities regarding water allocation and regulations on industrially polluted water discharge. It points out that Taiwan's government should follow the international human right conventions regarding verification and approval of major development projects involving water resource rights in the future. In response to the effects of climate change, the government should concurrently follow these conventions to establish policies for sustainable living and water resource utilization.
期刊論文
1.莊孟憲(2010)。台灣農地停灌政策停看聽：從農業與生態的角度思考。濕地台灣，76，14-26。  延伸查詢new window
2.莊順興、謝明昌(20100600)。臺灣產業之永續水資源--新興水源之利用與推動。永續產業發展，50，61-68。  延伸查詢new window
3.郭鴻裕(20070100)。中部科學工業園區第三期發展區后里基地--七星農場開發計畫的觀感。生態臺灣，14，7-11。  延伸查詢new window
4.陳龍騰、林正順(20070300)。從國際人權法典檢討我國人權基本法之制定。人文社會學報. 國立臺灣科技大學，3，151-168。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.林崇熙(20080100)。科技就是風險。科學發展月刊，421，60-63。  延伸查詢new window
6.Barlow, Maude、Clarke, Tony、謝伯讓、張岳、盧瑩(2011)。水資源戰爭：揭露跨國企業壟斷世界水資源的眞實內幕。  延伸查詢new window
7.Adger, W. N.、Brown, K.、Fairbrass, J.、Jordan, A.、Paavola, J.、Rosendo, S.、Seyfang, G.(2003)。Governance for sustainability: towards a 'thick' analysis of environmental decisionmaking。Environment and Planning A，35(6)，1095-1110。  new window
8.Bluemel, E. B.(2004)。The Implicaton of Formulating a. Human Right to Water。Ecology Law Quarterly，31(4)，957-1006。  new window
9.Hardberger, Amy(2005)。Pursuit of Water: Evaluating Water as a Human Right and the Duties and Obligation it Creates。International Human Right，4(2)，331-362。  new window
10.Haroff, K.、Hartis, J.(2008)。Climate Change and the Courts: Litigating the Causes and Consequences of Global Warming。Natural Resources & Environment，22(3)，50-55。  new window
11.Hiskes, R. P.(2010)。Missing the Green: Golf Course Ecology, Environmental Justice, and Local Fulfillment of the Human Right to Water。Human Rights Quarterly，32(2)，326-341。  new window
12.Huang, Ling-Yee(2008)。Not Just Another Drop in the Human Rights Bucket: the Legal Significance of A Codified Human Right to Water。Florida Journal of International Law，20，366。  new window
13.Luban, David(2004)。A Theory of Crimes against Humanity。The Yale Journal of International Law，29(1)，85-168。  new window
14.Malone, L. A.、Pasternack, S.(2002)。Exercising Environmental Human Rights and Remedies in the United Nations System。William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review，27(2)，365-376。  new window
15.Meron, T.(1986)。On A Hierarchy of International Human Rights。American Journal of International Law，80(1)，1-23。  new window
16.Shelton, D.(1991)。Human Rights, Environmental Rights, and the Right to Environment。Stanford Journal of International Law，28，103-138。  new window
17.Tsing, A. L.、Brosius, J. P.、Zerner, C.(1999)。Assessing Community-based Natural Resource Management。Ambio，28，197-198。  new window
18.Westra, Laura(2010)。Climate Change and the Human Right to Water。Journal of Human Rights and the Environment，2，161-162。  new window
19.Ziganshina, D.(2008)。Rethinking the Concept of Human Right to Water。Santa Clara Journal of International Law，6，113-114。  new window
20.廖福特(20101101)。法院應否及如何適用公民與政治權利國際公約。臺灣法學雜誌，163，45-65。  延伸查詢new window
21.葉俊榮(19930100)。環境影響評估的公共參與--法規範的要求與現實的考慮。經社法制論叢，11，17-42。  延伸查詢new window
22.彭坤業(20100300)。落實兩公約人權新紀元。全國律師，14(3)，4-12。  延伸查詢new window
23.周桂田(20041200)。獨大的科學理性與隱沒(默)的社會理性之「對話」--在地公眾、科學專家與國家的風險文化探討。臺灣社會研究季刊，56，1-63。new window  延伸查詢new window
24.王毓正(20100301)。司法判決撤銷環評審查結論之後，續行施工？--中科三期環評撤銷訴訟判決後之爭議問題。臺灣法學雜誌，147，1-4。  延伸查詢new window
25.杜文苓(20110600)。環境風險與科技決策：檢視中科四期環評爭議。東吳政治學報，29(2)，57-110。new window  延伸查詢new window
研究報告
1.行政院經建會(2009)。水資源永續利用達終極用水量之建設經費評估。  延伸查詢new window
2.Calaguas, B. U.(1999)。The Right to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene and the Human Rights-Based Approach to Development。  new window
3.Paavola, Jouni、Adger, W. Neil(2002)。Justice and Adaptation to Climate Change。  new window
4.Smakhtin, V. U.(2002)。Environmental Water Needs and Impacts of Irrigated Agriculture in River Basins: A Framework for a New Research Program。  new window
學位論文
1.張珮錡(2001)。改善灌溉水質受污染之措施研究(碩士論文)。中原大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Joseph, Sarah、Schultz, Jenny、Castan, Melissa(2004)。The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: Cases, Materials, and Commentary。New York：Oxford University Press。  new window
2.Salman, M. A.、McInerney-Lankford, Siobhan(2004)。The Human Right to Water: Legal and Policy Dimensions。Washington, DC：World Bank。  new window
3.Scanlon, J.、Cassar, A.、Nemes, N.(2004)。Water as a Human。Gland, Switzerland：Cambridge, UK：ICUN。  new window
4.Seiderman, I. D.(2001)。Hierarchy in International Law: The Human Rights Dimension。Antwerpen：Intersentia。  new window
5.Jasanoff, Sheila(1990)。The Fifth Branch: Science Advisors as Policymakers。Cambridge, Mass：Harvard University Press。  new window
6.吳庚(200608)。行政法之理論與實用。臺北市：吳庚：三民。new window  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.經濟部水利署(2011)。水利署調適策略行動方案簡報，台北。  延伸查詢new window
2.Alvrez, I. J.(1999)。The Right to Water as a Human Right，http://www.cedha.org.ar/docs/doc26.doc。  new window
3.Bar, R.(2004)。Why We Need An International Water Convention，Swiss Alliance of Development Organizations。  new window
4.Council of Europe(1950)。European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms。  new window
5.Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights(2007)。Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the Related to Equitable Access to Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation under International Human Rights Instruments。  new window
6.Picolotti, J. M.(2003)。The Right to Water in Argentina，http://www.righttowater.info/wp-content/uploads/argentina_CS.pdf。  new window
7.Rosemann, N.(2005)。The Human Right to Water Under the Conditions of Trade Liberalisation and Privatisation--A Study on the Privatisation of Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal in Manila，Friedrich Ebert Foundation。  new window
8.Segerfeldt, F.(2006)。Water for Sale: How Business and the Market Can Resolve theWorld's Water Crises，http://www.stockholm-network.org/downloads/events/d41d8cd9-Amigo%20Segerfeldt.pdf.。  new window
9.U.N. Environment Programme(2009)。Climate Change Science Compendium，http://www.unep.org/compendium2009。  new window
10.U.N. High Commissioner On Human Rights(2004)。Status of Ratifications of the Principal International Human Rights Treaties。  new window
11.UNTC(1998)。Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making, and Access to Justice in MaMen，Aarhus, Denmark。  new window
圖書論文
1.譚義績、李峑毅(2002)。失落的地平線。我們的濁水溪：集集共農引水工程紀念文集。台北：經濟部水利署。  延伸查詢new window
2.Dellapenna, J.(2008)。A Human Right to Water : an Ethical Position or a Realizable Goal?。Reconciling Human Existence with Ecological Integrity。London：Earthsca。  new window
3.Anderson, M. R.(1996)。Human Rights Approaches to Environmental Protection: An Overview。Human Rights Approaches to Environmental Protection。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
4.張文貞(2010)。國際人權法與內國憲法的匯流：臺灣施行兩大人權公約之後。臺灣法學新課題。臺北：元照。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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