Among the representatives of contemporary Confucians, Mou Tsung-san is known for his interpretation of Confuciamsm based on Kant's philosophy. This is not a coincidence. Rather, there is an inherent connection be ween the two. There are three reasons why Mou interprets Confucian thought by means of Kant's philosophy : (1)Kant has made a clear distinction between "appearance" and "thing-in-itself", which provides a comprehensive framework for the understanding of Confucianism. (2)Kant maintains that practical reason is superior to speculative reason, which provides a theoretical basis for the "moral metaphysics" of Confucianism. (3)Kant brought forth the concept of "autonomy" for the first time in the West, which resulted in the "Copernican revolution in ethics". By contrast, the "ethics of autonomy" is the mainstream of Confucian ethics. On the other hand, Mou does not completely stick to Kant's philosophy. He in fact engages in a critique of Kant's philosophy while using it to interpret Confucianism. There are two points in Kant's philosophy that Mou has made revisions : (1)He reinterprets the concept of"thing-in-itself" and elevates it to a valuative level. Moreover, he uses the concept of "intellectual intuition" to interpret the Confucian concept of"liang-chih" (良知) . (2)He points out that in the framework of Kant's philosophy, there is a bifurcation of emotion and reason, and as a result, Kant's thesis of "moral autonomy" is not convincing enough. In Mou's opinion, "moral autonomy" can only be fully realized in the philosop hical framework of Confucianism, which maintains that "the moral mind is identical with the moral law". Mou's interpretation has attached an important place to Confucianism in the modern culture and inspires us to reflect on the issue of modernization in China.