本研究以整理《古今圖書集成》「觀人部」中有關選人方法之資料，並對其中所列之評量方法、評量內容與評量因子等方面加以系統性的分析以為後續研究發展之依據。研究發現，中國古代是以「工作能力-才」、「一般性品德與人格特質-德」、「應有的行為規範-常」與「見識與氣度等價值觀-識」四類評量因子來鑑識人才。而在人才篩選的方法上，則可分為「控制候選人所處情境」的「測」與「未控制候選人所處情境」的「觀」等兩種評量方法。其中「測」的評量方法可以透過以詢答方式來瞭解候選人的工作能力與以實際工作情境來對候選人加以測驗等兩種評量內容來瞭解候選人的「才」；以有利於某種「德」發生的正面情境與不利於某種「德」發生的反面情境等兩種評量內容來探知候選人的「德」。而「觀」的評量方法則可透過某種人際關係下所當為及配合其某種特定身份時所當為等二種評量內容來瞭解候選人的「常」；而由候選人配合其某些等定身份下之所為與於其某些特定身份下之所難為來探知其「識」。研究結果對於組織內部高階管理人員的晉升篩選問題，有其參考價值。

　　　　　The paper aims to analyze the selection methods of human resource in the Chinese ancient books, developing a new approach as a basis for future study. The authors classify the selection methods into two categories. One of the methods focuses on the importance of testing the candidates; the other stress the process of observing the candidates. The main distincition between these two categories exists in "whether the selector controls the candidates' situation or not." The purpose of "testing category" is to know "talent" and "virtue" of the candidates. "Observation category" intends chiefly to understand the two factors of the candidates. They are "proper behavior" and "vision." To understand the candidate's "talent", selector could figure it out through general test and situation test. Positive and negative situation test will enable selector to discern a candidate's "virtue." Observing the deeds of a candidate could make it easier to know ones "proper behavior." Acandidate's "vision" could be judged by ones ability to deal with things under normal and difficult situation. These four contents will provide valuable reference for those who are interested in constructing a selection system of top manager.