本文嘗試通過對朱子"真知"概念的內容和結構的分析,說明"真知"概念所包含的動機效力,并藉由T.Nagel的理論,回應休謨式問題(Humean problem)的詰難。依朱子,"知而不能行"只是淺知,而真知則必能行;一個人在特定情境下對何為最好的知道得越深,他就越可能依其判斷去行動,當一個人之知達到了最高程度,他便完全會依知而行。這種知(真知)不僅是對所當然之則之知,也是對所以然之理之知,而這種所以然之理原在自家身心上,經由反省體驗而得,因而是具有在道德行動中如此而不如彼的動機效力。

This essay attempts to inquire into the idea of motivational efficacy included in Zhu Xi’s concept of"true knowledge"by analyzing its content and structure,and to face the challenge of the Humean problem by means of Thomas Nagel’s theory.For Zhu Xi,the knowledge of"knowing without being able to act"is merely shallow knowledge,while true knowledge definitely leads to action.This kind of knowledge("true knowledge")is not only knowledge concerning the standard of what must be so,but also knowledge concerning the principle of what should be so.The latter originates from one’s own mind and can be known only through self-reflection and practice,which motivates a man to perform one moral action rather than another.