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題名:性侵害倖存少女參與優勢取向諮商團體所知覺改變歷程之分析研究
作者:林逸媛
校院名稱:國立彰化師範大學
系所名稱:輔導與諮商學系所
指導教授:吳秀碧博士
賀孝銘博士
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2013
主題關鍵詞:性侵害倖存者少女優勢諮商團體改變歷程團體歷程因素療效因子團體負向因素團體外動力sexual abusesurvivorfemale adolescentstrength-centeredcounseling groupchange processgroup process factortherapeutic factorgroup negative factoroutside dynamic
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本研究旨在探討性侵害倖存少女參與優勢取向諮商團體,所知覺之改變和改變歷程,以及促使改變之團體歷程因素和團體療效因子。本研究採質性研究設計,以訪談法共四次訪談,蒐集五位性侵害倖存少女於團體前所受性創傷影響,以及參與11次共24小時之優勢取向諮商團體的主觀經驗,研究發現如下:
一、成員所受性創傷影響之改變,包含人際與社會、自我、情緒以及性與兩性等
四個向度共九項改變主軸。
二、成員參與優勢取向諮商團體之改變歷程,即優勢力量之發展歷程,係以自我力量之茁壯為核心,於自我、人際與社會以及情緒三方面產生螺旋式之改變歷程。
(一)成員於團體各階段皆以自我向度之改變最大,且以自我力量之發展為改變主軸。
(二)成員於人際與社會向度之改變,隨友誼親密之發展於團體各階段持續增加。
(三)成員於情緒向度之改變,就是發展成員的幸福感;並且情緒向度之改變與自我、人際優勢力量之發展會互為增強,引發更多改變。
(四)「聚焦於當前」之團體介入焦點有助於優勢力量之擴展,以促進成員於自我、人際與社會以及情緒三方面產生螺旋式之改變。
三、優勢取向且具創意之介入技術、領導者熱忱與溫暖特質、成員正向關係與互動以及成員具參與動機之團體歷程因素,有助於成員之改變。
(一)成員自我揭露為促進成員正向互動、友誼親密關係及團體氣氛發展之重要因
素;而成員正向關係與互動,則有助於成員改變。
(二)以介入技術融入螺旋式領導方法,能有效催化成員互動和推進團體。
(三)有效使用優勢取向及具創意性之介入技術,能促使成員發展優勢力量。
(四)領導者與成員之正向諮商關係,有利於成員改變。
(五)激發成員參與團體動機,有利於產生改變;而成員對創傷知覺和態度會影響
參與團體動機之強度,進而產生不同程度之改變。
四、自我覺察、人際學習、獲得情感性支持和團體凝聚力之團體療效因子,係貫穿於團體歷程之重要改變機制;利他性、認同、自我揭露與普同感亦為重要之團體療效因子。
五、成員於團體外之延伸互動,有助於團體內友誼關係之發展。
六、成員於團體內友誼關係愈親密,會降低團體負向因素之影響。
據此,研究者對性侵害倖存少女團體諮商實務工作和未來研究,提出具體建議。
Exploring the sexual abused female adolescent survivors’ perceptions of their change process in strength-centered approach counseling group
Abstract
The study aims to analyze female adolescent survivors of sexual abuse participating in strength-centered approach counseling group, whose perception change, change process; thereof group process factors and group therapeutic factors impelling changes. The study was designed with qualitative research, conducting four interviews to collect the impact of sexual trauma on five female adolescent survivors of sexual abuse prior to the counseling and the subjective experience based on 11 participations and 24 hours with strength-centered approach counseling group. The study findings are described in the follows:
1. The changes of impact from sexual trauma on the members included four dimensions, namely interpersonal and social, self, emotional, sexual and two genders, as well as a total of nine changes.
2. The change process of members participating in strength-centered counseling group, namely the development process of strength power was based on the robustness of self-
strength, generating the spiral change process on self, interpersonal and social, and emotional dimension.
(1) Members showed most changes in self dimension at the different phases of counseling group, with emphasis of changes in the development of self-strength.
(2) Members tended to change in interpersonal and social dimension following the continuous increase in the development of intimate friendship during the different phases of counseling group.
(3) The change in emotional dimension could develop the sense of happiness in members while the change in emotional dimension, self and the development of interpersonal strength would mutually enhance to induce more changes.
(4) The intervention of present-centered counseling group would facilitate the expansion
of strength and promote the spiral changes in self, interpersonal and social, and emotional
dimensions.
3. The factors of group process such as strength-centered approach and creative intervention techniques, dedicated and warm personality of leaders, positive relationship and interaction between the members, the motivations of members participation, would facilitate the development strength of members.
(1) Self-disclosure of members was the key factor to promoting members positive inter-
actions, intimate friendship and group climate development. Positive relationship and interaction between the members would promote member change.
(2) Blended spiral leading model into intervention techniques would effectively induce
member interaction and advance group.
(3) Effectively applied strength-centered approach and creative intervention techniques would impel strength development in members.
(4) The positive counseling relationship between members and the leaders could facilitate member change.
(5) Members were boosted with motivation for group participation that facilitates change generation. The traumatic perception and attitude of members would affect the strength of motivation to participate in groups, thereby to generate different degree of change.
4. Group therapeutic factors such as self-awareness, interpersonal learning, acquisition of emotional support, and group cohesion were the key change mechanism that established group process. Altruism, imitative behavior, self-disclosure, and universality played key roles as important group therapeutic factors as well.
5. The extended interactions of members outside the group would contribute to the development of friendship inside the group.
6. More intimate friendship of members within the group would lower the impact from negative group factors.
  The researcher proposes specific suggestions for the practitioners and future research on female adolescent survivors of sexual abuse participating in counseling group based on the above findings.
Keywords: sexual abuse, survivor, female adolescent, strength-centered, counseling group, change process, group process factor, therapeutic factor, group negative factor, outside dynamic.
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