中華民國戶外遊憩學會(1997)。台灣潛在生態觀光及冒險旅遊產品研究與調查。臺北市:交通部觀光局。
內政部統計處 (1997)。中華民國臺灣地區國民生活狀況調查報告。臺北市:內政部。
太魯閣國家公園 (2014)。102年太魯閣國家公園遊憩據點遊客人次及車量統計表。擷取日期:2015/1/9。取自http://www.taroko.gov.tw/showFile.ashx?tag=Infopen&;id=329&;filename=ZmlsZTM1OTgyNzAyNTUzODEucGRm
王伯宇、吳崇旗 (2012)。冒險觀光市場區隔之探析。大專體育,123,17-24。王偉琴、吳崇旗 (2009)。以早期戶外經驗探討遊客環境態度、活動涉入與環境行為之關係。觀光休閒學報,15(1),23-47。玉山國家公園 (2014)。102年玉山國家公園核准進入生態保護區統計。擷取日期:2015/1/9。取自http://www.ysnp.gov.tw/publicinformation_messages.aspx?id=4
交通部觀光局 (2014)。中華民國102年國人旅遊狀況調查。擷取日期:2015/1/9。取自http://admin.taiwan.net.tw/statistics/market.aspx?no=133
交通部觀光局(2015)。旅遊景點。擷取日期:2015/1/9。取自http://taiwan.net.tw/m1.aspx?sNO=0000103
朱笠瑄 (2003)。東北角海岸攀岩冒險遊憩活動之研究 (未出版碩士論文)。朝陽科技大學,臺中市。
吳政隆、伍木成 (2013)。海域遊憩流暢體驗量表編製研究。體育運動與 Amos 統計應用期刊,2(2),28-41。
呂崇銘、呂適仲、許志宏 (2010)。臺灣登山活動安全管理之研究。管理實務與理論研究,4(4),133-141。巫喜瑞、陳廷忠 (2012)。冒險遊憩活動中人格特質、沉浸體驗與滿意度間關係之研究─溯溪活動服務之例。戶外遊憩研究,25( 2),75-91。李京展、林耀豐 (2010)。不同背景變項的桌球選手運動熱情及運動動機之研究。屏東教大運動科學學刊,6,93-115。李明儒、郭家瑜 (2011)。探討參與帆船運動者的參與動機、活動涉入及流暢體驗之研究。運動休閒餐旅研究,6(1),95-109。李炯煌、彭涵妮、季力康 (2007)。運動熱情量表之建構效度。體育學報,40(3),77-88。
李晶 (2008a)。氣候變遷對登山健行行為之影響研究。休閒運動期刊,7,45-53。
李晶 (2008b)。不同型態的登山健行者對於天氣狀況忍受程度之差異研究。大專體育學刊,10(2),43-54。
李濟仲、廖主民 (2009)。父母的運動熱情對子女運動參與信念和行為的影響。國際運動及鍛鍊心理學期刊,7,262-308。
邱淑蘋 (2011)。影響印度國際旅客風險知覺實證性研究。犯罪與刑事司法研究,17,37-57。洪翊芳、廖主民 (2005)。參與冒險性休閒的心理歷程。中華體育季刊,19(3),16-25。胡婉玲 (2009)。雙元熱情對競技啦啦隊員之影響。台灣體育運動管理學報,8,55-74。秦雅嫺、徐英凱、楊于萱、陳鴻閔 (2014)。探討生活型態與知覺風險對自行車環島參與者影響性之研究。休閒觀光與運動健康學報,4(2),42-56。
翁振益、葉青 (2008)。旅客在旅遊決策中的猶豫不決:價格敏感度之觀點。觀光休閒學報,14(3),233-250。
高俊雄 (1993)。休閒參與體驗形成之分析。戶外遊憩研究,6(4),1-12。高俊雄 (2002)。運動休閒事業管理。桃園縣:志軒企業有限公司。
張永進 (2004)。高峰表現、高峰經驗與流暢經驗之比較。大專體育,71,153-159。張孝銘 (2005)。登山活動參與者參與動機、體驗及正面影響之研究。運動健康與休閒學刊,3,103-112。
張孝銘 (2006)。遊客登山冒險遊憩參與行為模式之研究-以台中縣鳶嘴山為實證。運動休閒管理學報,3(2),50-62。張孝銘、林士翔、李銘升 (2007)。登山冒險性運動觀光參與行為模式之研究。運動休閒管理學報,4(2),95-100。張宗昌、余智生 (2009)。台灣地區登山研究現況與發展趨勢探討─以西元1999-2008 年登山學術論文為例。嶺東體育暨休閒學刊,7,109-132。
曹勝雄、林濰榕 (2011a)。冒險遊憩中的挑戰來源。戶外遊憩研究,24(1),57-82。曹勝雄、林濰榕 (2011b)。遊憩者-遊憩環境契合度之前因與後果:以玉山登山者為例。戶外遊憩研究,25(4),79-98。梁英文、曹勝雄. (2007)。認真性休閒與場所依戀之關係:遊憩專門化扮演的角色。戶外遊憩研究,20(3),1-24。莊斐瑜 (2001)。台北市高中職學生休閒學習情況與休閒教育需求之研究 (未出版碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
莊麗君、許忠義(2004)。秀姑巒溪泛舟遊客動機與滿意度之研究。觀光研究學報,10(1),79-96。許辰維 (2004)。以計畫行為理論探討冒險性遊憩活動參與者之行為意向–以登山活動為例 (未出版碩士論文)。靜宜大學,臺中市。
許雅雯、盧俊宏 (2010)。健身運動認定量表心理計量檢定與效度驗證。體育學報,43(3),47-62。郭大玄 (2005)。台灣地理:自然、社會與空間的圖像。臺北市:五南。
陳冠中 (2008)。太極拳心流體驗量表編製 (未出版碩士論文)。國立嘉義大學,嘉義市。
陳建瑋、季力康 (2007)。休閒網球運動者的運動熱情與運動依賴之相關研究。大專體育學刊,9(3),57-65。陳慧玲、林安庭 (2011)。登山運動參與者涉入程度、流暢體驗與幸福感之相關研究。臺灣體育運動管理學報,11(1), 25-50。陳慧玲、廖佳慧 (2011)。認真休閒、遊憩專門化與流暢體驗之關係探討-以自行車活動騎乘者為例。休閒運動健康評論,3(1),28-43。陳耀棋、蔡俊傑 (2011)。長、短式流暢經驗量表之發展。大專體育,113,49-55。雪霸國家公園(2014)。進入生態保護區人數歷年統計表。擷取日期:2015/1/9。取自http://www.spnp.gov.tw/Article.aspx?a=zgrbn07L9Jk%3d&;lang=1
賀力行、鐘政偉、陳桓敦 (2005)。應用冒險模型探討飛行傘活動參與者行為之研究。觀光研究學報,11(4),275-300。黃玉琴、周彥呈、吳忠宏 (2013)。釣客人格特質、知覺風險與休閒效益關係之研究。休閒產業管理學刊,6(1),1-22。黃國平、戴永家 (2007)。風險認知與辨識研究-統計集群分析與類神經網路之應用與比較:以月眉主題樂園遊客為例。真理觀光學報,6,76-94。楊建夫 (2001)。台灣的山脈。臺北縣:遠足文化。
楊原芳 (2004)。內在休閒動機、認真型休閒特性與最適體驗關係之研究—以高爾夫球運動為例(未出版碩士論文)。中國文化大學,臺北市。
楊純青、陳祥 (2006)。網路心流經驗研究中之挑戰:從效度觀點進行檢視與回顧。資訊社會研究,11,145-176。
溫金豐、張菌淨、陳芳倩、胡宜婷 (2008)。工作熱情量表的建構與測量。人力資源管理學報,8(2),45-60。萬礎榮 (2010)。活動熱情對青少年社會支持及主觀幸福感之影響 (未出版碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
臺灣國家山岳協會 (2015)。台灣山岳。擷取日期:2015/1/9。取自http://www.taiwanalpine.org.tw/index.php?option=com_content&;view=section&;id=6&;Itemid=59&;lang=zh
劉念肯 (2011)。正向心理學的建構與應用。諮商與輔導,304,2-5。
劉明全 (2003)。登山者對高山登山風險認知之研究-以休閒教育之觀點 (未出版碩士論文)。國立體育學院,桃園縣。
歐雙磐、侯錦雄 (2007)。登山者遊憩專門化與登山類型偏好。戶外遊憩研究,20(4),51-74。蔡汶修、蘇慧慈、周文祥 (2010)。淺論樂觀心態與休閒運動之關係。運動傳播學刊,3,91-105。蔡長清、張秀靖 (2009)。特別活動之遊客知覺風險、滿意度及忠誠度之相關研究-以2009高雄世運爲例。商業現代化學刊,5(2),199-212。謝智謀 (2010). 以戶外冒險教育爲本的登山課程對復原力之影響。體育學報,43(3), 127-146。聶喬齡 (2000)。心理技能、運動表現與流暢經驗關係之研究 (未出版碩士論文)。國立體育大學,桃園縣。
Amiot, C. E., Vallerand, R. J., &; Blanchard, C. M. (2006). Passion and psychological adjustment: A test of the person-environment fit hypothesis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 220-229.
Asakawa, K. (2010). Flow experience, culture, and well-being: How do autotelic Japanese college students feel, behave, and think in their daily lives? Journal of Happiness Studies, 11, 205-223.
Bentley, T. A., Page, S. J., &; Laird, I. S. (2001). Accidents in the New Zealand adventure tourism industry. Safety Science, 38, 31-48.
Brannan, L., Condello, C., Stuckum, N., Vissers, N., &; Priest, S. (1992). Public perceptions of risk in recreational activities. Journal of Applied Recreation Research, 17(2), 144-157.
Buckley, R. (2012). Rush as a key motivation in skilled adventure tourism: Resolving the risk recreation paradox. Tourism Management, 33, 961-970.
Carpenter, G., &; Priest, S. (1989). The adventure experience paradigm and non-outdoor leisure pursuits. Leisure Studies, 8(1), 65-75.
Celsi, R. L., Rose, R. L., &; Leigh, T. W. (1993). An exploration of high-risk leisure consumption through skydiving. Journal of Consumer Research, 20, 1-22.
Cheron, E. J., &; Ritchie, J. R. B. (1982). Leisure activities and perceived risk. Journal of Leisure Research, 14(2), 139-154.
Chin, W. W. (2010). How to write up and report pls analyses. In V. E. Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler, &; H. Wang (Eds.), Handbook of partial least squares (pp. 655-689). New York: Springer.
Chou, T. J., &; Ting, C. C. (2003). The role of flow experience in cyber-game addiction. CyberPsychology &; Behavior, 6, 663-675.
Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., &; Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/ correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (3nd ed). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Cordes, K. A., &; Ibrahim, H. M. (2003).Applications in recreation &; leisure for today and the future. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.
Csatari, J., &; Antheil, K. (1996). The secret of peak performance. Men's Health, 11(9), 58-58.
Csikszentmihalyi, M,. &; LeFevre, J. (1989). Optimal experience in work and leisure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(5), 815-822.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1975). Beyond boredom and anxiety: The experience of play in work and games. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1988). The flow experience and its significance for human psychology. In M. Csikszentmihalyi &; I. Csikszentmihalyi (Eds.), Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness (pp. 15-35). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper Collins.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1993). The evolving self. New York: Harper Collins.
Csikszentmihalyi, M., &; Csikszentmihalyi, I. (1988). Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Csikszentmihalyi, M., &; Larson, R. (1987). Validity and reliability of the experience-sampling method. Journal of Nervous &; Mental Disease, 175(9), 526-536.
Csikszentmihalyi, M., Rathunde, K., &; Whalen, S. (1993). Talented teenagers: A longitudinal study of their development. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Decloe, M. D., Kaczynski, A. T., &; Havitz, M. E. (2009). Social participation, flow and situational involvement in recreational physical activity. Journal of Leisure Research, 41(1), 73-90.
Diehm, R., &; Armatas, C. (2004). Surfing: An avenue for socially acceptable risk-taking, satisfying needs for sensation seeking and experience seeking. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(3), 663-677.
Eisenberger, R., Jones, J. R., Stinglhamber, F., Shanock, L., &; Randall, A. T. (2005). Flow experiences at work: For high need achievers alone? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 755-775.
Ellis, M. J. (1973). Why people play. Engglewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Engeser, S., Rheinberg, F., Vollmeyer, R., &; Bischoff, J. (2005). Motivation, flow-erleben und lernleistung in universitären lernsettings [Motivation, flow experience and performance in learning settings at university]. Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie, 19, 159-172.
Ewert, A. (1989). Why people climb: the relationship of participant motives and experience level to mountaineering. Journal of Leisure Research, 17, 241-250.
Ewert, A. (1994). Playing the edge: Motivation and risk taking in a high altitude wildernesslike environment. Environment and Behavior, 26(1), 3-25.
Ewert, A. W. (1994). Playing the edge: Motivation and risk taking in a high-altitude wilderness-like environment. Environment and Behavior, 26, 3-24.
Ewert, A. W., &; Hollenhorst, S. J. (1997). Adventure recreation and its implications for wilderness. International Journal of Wilderness, 3(2), 21-26.
Ewert, A., &; Hollenhorst, S. (1989). Testing the adventure model: Empirical support for a model of risk recreation. Journal of Leisure Research, 21, 124-139.
Ewert, A., Galloway, S., &; Estes, C. A. (2001). Adventure recreation: What's new for resource management, public policy analysts, and recreation providers. Parks &; Recreation, 36(2), 26-34.
Fawcett, L. M., Garton, A. F., &; Dandy, J. (2009). Role of motivation, self-efficacy and parent support in adolescent structured leisure activity participation. Australian Journal of Psychology, 61(3), 175-182.
Floyd, M. F., &; Pennington-Gray, L. (2004). Profiling risk perceptions of tourists. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(4), 1051-1054.
Fodness, D., &; Murray, B. (1999). A model of tourist information search behavior. Journal of Travel Research, 37, 220-230.
Folkman, S., &; Lazarus, R. S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(1), 150-170.
Forest, J., Mageau, G. A., Sarrazin, C., &; Morin, E. M. (2011). Work is my passion: The different affective, behavioral, and cognitive consequences of harmonious and obsessive passion toward work. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 28, 27-40.
Fornell, C., &; Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50
Frijda, N. H., Mesquita, B., Sonnemans, J., &; Van Goozen, S. (1991). The duration of affective phenomena or emotions, sentiments and passions. In K. T. Strongman (Ed.), International review of studies on emotion (Vol. 1, pp. 187-225). New York: Wiley.
Gubman, E. (2004). From engagement to passion for work: The search for the missing person. Human Resource Planning, 27(3), 42-46.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., &; Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivatiate data analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., &; Sarstedt, M. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Hakanen, J. J., Bakker, A. B., &; Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Burnout and work engagement among teachers. Journal of School Psychology, 43(6), 495-513.
Havitz, M. E., &; Mannell, R. C. (2005). Enduring involvement, situational involvement, and flow in leisure and non-leisure activities. Journal of Leisure Research, 37(2), 152-177.
Hills, P., Argyle, M., &; Reeves, R. (2000). Individual differences in leisure satisfactions: An investigation of four theories of leisure motivation. Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 763-779.
Hui, B. S., &; Wold, H. (1982). Consistency and consistency at large in partial least squares estimates. In K. G. Jöreskog &; H. Wold (Eds.), Systems under indirect observation, part II (pp. 119-130). New York: North-Holland.
Iwasaki, Y., &; Havitz, M. E. (1998). A path analytic model of the realtionships between involvement, psychological commitment and loyalty. Journal of Leisure Research, 30(2), 256-280.
Jackson, S. A. (1995). Factors influencing the occurrence of flow state in elite athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 7(2), 138-166.
Jackson, S. A. (1996). Toward a conceptual understanding of the flow experience in elite athletes. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 67(1), 76-90.
Jackson, S. A., &; Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1999). Flow in sports: The keys to optimalexperiences and performances. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Jackson, S. A., &; Eklund, R. C. (2002). Assessing flow in physical activity: The flow state scale-2 and dispositional flow scale-2. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 24(2), 133-150.
Jackson, S. A., &; Eklund, R. C. (2004). The flow scales manual. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
Jackson, S. A., &; Marsh, H. W. (1996). Development and validation of a scale to measure optimal experience: The flow state scale. Journal of sport and exercise psychology, 18, 17-35.
Jackson, S. A., Eklund, R. C., &; Martin, A. J. (2010). The flow manual. California: Mind Garden Inc.
Jackson, S. A., Ford, S., Kimiecik, J., &; Marsh, H. W. (1998). Psychological corrrelates of flow in sport. Journal of Sport &; Exercise Psychology, 20(4), 358-378.
Jackson, S. A., Martin, A. J., &; Eklund, R. C. (2008). Long and short measures of flow the construct validity of the FSS-2, DFS-2, and new brief counterparts. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 30(5), 561-587.
Jackson, S. A., Thomas, P. R., Marsh, H. W., &; Smethurst, C. J. (2001). Relationships between flow, self-concept, psychological skills, and performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13, 129-153.
Jones, C. D., Hollenhorst, S. J., &; Perna, F. (2003). An empirical comparison of the four channel flow model and adventure experience paradigm. Leisure Sciences, 25, 17-31.
Jones, C. D., Hollenhorst, S. J., Perna, F., &; Selin, S. (2000). Validation of the flow theory in an on-site whitewater kayaking setting. Journal of Leisure Research, 32(2), 247-261.
Jones, R. A., &; Ellis, G. D. (1996). Effect of variation in perceived risk on the secretion of β-endorphin. Leisure Sciences, 18, 277-291.
Kane, M. J., &; Tucker, H. (2004). Adventure tourism: The freedom to play with reality. Tourist Studies, 4(3), 217-234.
Kaplan, R., &; Kaplan, S. (1989). The experience of nature: A psychological perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Klinke, A., &; Renn, O. (2001). Precautionary principle and discursive strategies: Classifying and managing risks. Journal of Risk Research, 4(2), 159-173.
Kowal, J., &; Fortier, M. S. (2000). Testing relationships from the hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation using flow as a motivational consequence. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 71(2), 171-181.
Krapp, A. (2002). Structural and dynamic aspects of interest development: Theoretical considerations from an ontogenetic perspective. Learning and Instruction, 12, 383-409.
Krapp, A., Hidi, S., &; Renninger, K. A. (1992). Interest, learning, and development. In K. A. Renniger, S. Hidi, &; A. Krapp (Eds.), The role of interest in learning and development (pp. 3-27). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Langelaan, S., Bakker, A. B., Doornen, L. J. P., &; Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Burnout and work engagement: Do individual differences make a difference? Personality &; Individual Differences, 40(3), 521-532.
Laschinger, H. S. (2006). The impact of nursing work environments on patient safety outcomes: Mediating role of burnout engagement. Journal of Nursing Administration, 36(5), 259-267.
Lavigne, G. L., Forest, J., &; Crevier-Braud, L. (2012). Passion at work and burnout: A two-study test of the mediating role of flow experiences. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 21(4), 518-546.
Mageau, G. A., Vallerand, R. J., Rousseau, F. L., Ratell, C. F., &; Provencher, P. J. (2005). Passion and gambling: Investigating the divergent affective and cognitive consequences of gambling. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 35, 100-118.
Mannell, R. C. (1996). Approaches in the social and behavioral sciences to the systematic study of hard-to-define human values and experiences. In B. L. Driver, D. Dustin., T. Baltic., G. Elsner., &; G. Peterson. (Eds.), Nature and the human spirit: Toward an expanded land management ethic (pp. 405-416). State College, PA: Venture.
Mannell, R. C., &; Kleiber, D. A. (1997). A social psychology of leisure. State Collage, PA: Venture.
Mannell, R. C., Zuzanek, J., &; Larson, R. (1988). Leisure states and flow experiences: testing perceived freedom and intrinsic motivation hypotheses. Journal of Leisure Research, 20(4), 289-304.
Martin, P., &; Priest, S. (1986). Understanding the adventure experience. Journal of Adventure Education, 3(1), 18-21.
Maslow, A. H. (1968). Toward a psychology of being (2nd ed.). Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand .
Massimini, F., &; Carli, M. (1986). La selezione psicologica umana tra biologia e-cultura. In F. Massimini., &; P. Inghilleri., L’Esperienza Quotidiana. Milan: Franco Angeli.
Massimini, F., &; Carli, M. (1988). The systematic assessment of flow in daily experience. In M. Csikszentmihalyi and I. Csikszentmihalyi (Eds.), Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness (pp. 288-306). New York: Cambridge University Press.
McColl-Kennedy, J. R., &; Fetter, R. E., Jr. (2001). An empirical examination of the involvement to external search relationship in services marketing. Journal of Services Marketing, 15(2), 82-98.
McIntyre, N. (1989). The personal meaning participation: Enduring involvement. Journal of Leisure Research, 21(2), 167-179.
McIntyre, N., &; Roggenbuck, J. W. (1998). Nature/person transactions during anoutdoor adventure experience: A multi-phasic analysis. Journal of Leisure Research, 30(4), 401-422.
Meyer, J. P., Becker, T. E., &; Vandenberghe, C. (2004). Employee commitment and motivation: A conceptual analysis and integrative model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 991-1007.
Meyer, J. P., Stanley, J. D., Herscovitch, L., &; Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61, 20-52.
Millington, K., Locke, T., &; Locke, A. (2001). Occasional studies: Adventure travel. Travel and Tourism Analyst, 4, 65-97.
Moneta, G. B., &; Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). The effect of perceived challenges and skills on the quality of subjective experience. Journal of Personality, 64, 275-310.
Nakamura, J., &; Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2003). The construction of meaning through vital engagement. In C. L. M. Keyes &; J. Haidt (Eds.), Flourishing: Positive psychology and the life well-lived (pp. 83–104). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Partington, S., Partington, E., &; Olivier, S. (2009). The dark side of flow: A qualitative study of dependence in big wave surfing. Sport Psychologist, 23, 170-186.
Peter, J. P., &; Tarpey, L. X. (1975). A comparative analysis of three consumer decision strategies. Journal of Consumer Research, 2, 29-37.
Peterson, C. (2006). A primer in positive psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
Peterson, C., Park, N., &; Seligman, M. E. P. (2005). Orientations to happiness and life satisfaction: The full life versus the empty life. Journal of Happiness Studies, 6, 25-41.
Petter, S., Straub, D., &; Rai, A. (2007). Specifying formative constructs in information systems research. MIS Quarterly, 31(4), 623-656.
Philippe, F. L., Vallerand, R. J., Andrianarisoa, J., &; Brunel, P. (2009). Passion in referees: Examining their affective and cognitive experiences in sport situations. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 31, 77-96.
Pirouz, D. M. (2006). An overview of partial least squares. Retrieved May 19, 2011, from http://www.merage.uci.edu/~dpirouz04/research/pls/PLS.pdf
Pomfret, G. (2006). Mountaineering adventure tourists: A conceptual framework for research. Tourism Management, 27(1), 113-123.
Priest, J. C. (1992). Factor exploration and confirmation for the dimensons of an adventure experience. Journal of Leisure Research, 24, 127-139.
Priest, S., &; Baille, R. (1987). Justifying the risk to others: The real razor's edge. Journal of Experience Education, 10(1), 6-22.
Priest, S., &; Gass, M. A. (1997). Effective leadership in adventure programming. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Rathunde, K. (1993). The experience of interest: A theoretical and empirical look at its role in adolescent talent development. In P. Pintrich &; M. Maehr (Eds.), Advances in motivation and achievement (pp. 59-98). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Rathunde, K., &; Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1993). Undivided interest and the growth of talent: A longitudinal study of adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 22, 1-21.
Rheinberg, F. (1991). Flow-experience when motorcycling: A study of a special human condition. In R. Brendicke (Ed.), Safety, environment, future (pp. 349-362). Bochum, Germany: Institut für Zweiradsicherheit.
Rheinberg, F., Vollmeyer, R., &; Engeser, S. (2003). Erfassung des flow erlebens. In J. Stiensmeier-Pelster &; F. Rheinberg (Eds.), Diagnostik von motivation und selbstkonzept (pp. 261-279).Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe.
Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., &; Will, A. (2005). Smart PLS-Version 2.0. Germany: University at Hamburg. Retrieved May 1, 2012, from http://www.smartpls.de
Robinson, D. W. (1992). A descriptive model of enduring risk recreation involvement. Journal of Leisure Research, 24(1), 52-63.
Robinson, D., &; Stevens, T. (1990). Stress in adventure recreation: Types of stressors and their influences during an extended adventure-based expedition. Journal of Applied Recreation Research, 15(4), 218-238.
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., &; Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: A cross-national study. Educational &; Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 701-716.
Schmidt, J. (2003). Correlates of reduced misconduct among adolescents facing adversity. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32, 439-452.
Schuett, M. A. (1993). Refining measures of adventure recreation involvement. Leisure Sciences, 15, 205-216.
Schüler, J. (2007). Arousal of flow-experience in a learning setting and its effects on exam-performance and affect. Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie, 21, 217-227.
Schüler, J., &; Brunner, S. (2008).The rewarding effect of flow experience on performance in a marathon race. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10, 168-174.
Schüler, J., &; Brunner, S. (2009). The rewarding effect of flow experience on performance in a marathon race. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10, 168-174.
Schüler, J., &; Nakamura, J. (2013). Does flow experience lead to risk? How and for whom. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-being, 5(3), 311-331.
Schwartz, S. J., &; Waterman, A. S. (2006). Changing interests: A longitudinal study of intrinsic motivation for personally salient activities. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 1119-1136.
Seguin-Levesque, C., Lalivberte. M. L., Pelletier L. G., Blanchard, C., &; Vallerand, R. J. (2003). Harmonious and obsessive passion for the internet: Their associations with the couple’s relationships. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33, 197-221.
Seligman, M. E. P., &; Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5-14.
Skinner, N., &; Brewer, N. (2004). Adaptive approaches to competition: Challenge appraisals and positive emotion.Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 26, 283-305.
Sönmez, S., &; Graefe, A. R. (1998). Influence of terrorism risk on foreign tourism decisions. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(1), 112-144.
Stone, R. N., &; Gronhaug, K. (1993). Perceived risk: Further considerations for the marketing discipline. European Journal of Marketing, 27(3), 39-50.
Swarbrooke, J., Beard, C., Leckie, S., &; Pomfret, G. (2003). Adventure tourism: The new frontier. Burlington, MA: Butterworth Heinemann.
Tsaur, S. H., Liang, Y. W., &; Lin, W. R. (2012). Conceptualization and measurement of recreationist-environment fit. Journal of Leisure Research, 44(1), 108-128.
Vallerand, R. J., Blanchard, C. M., Mageau, G. A., Koestner, R., Ratelle, C., Léonard, M., Gagné, M., &; Marsolais, J. (2003). Les passions de l’âme: On obsessive and harmonious passion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 756-767.
Walczuch, R., Lemmink, J., &; Streukens, S. (2007). The effect of service employees' technology readiness on technology acceptance. Information &; Management, 44(2), 206-215.
Walker, G. J., Hull, R. B., Ⅳ, &; Roggenbuck, J. W. (1998). On-site optimal experiences and their relationship to off-site benefits, Journal of Leisure Research, 30(4), 453-471.
Webster, J., Trevino, K., &; Ryan, L. (1993). The dimensionality and correlates of flow in human-computer interactions. Computers in Human Behavior, 9(4), 411-426.
Wetzels, M., Odekerken-Schröder, G., &; van Oppen, C. (2009). Using pls path modeling for assessing hierarchical construct models: Guidelines and empirical Illustration. MIS Quarterly, 33(1), 177-195.
Wild, T. C., Kuiken, D., &; Schopflocher, D. (1995). The role of absorption in experiential involvement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(3), 569-579.
Wong, J. Y., &; Wang, C. H. (2009). Emotional labor of the tour leaders: An exploratory study. Tourism Management, 30 (2), 249-259.
Wöran, B., &; Arnberger, A. (2012). Exploring relationships between recreation specialization, restorative environments and mountain hikers’ flow experience. Leisure Sciences, 34(2), 95-114.
Wu, H. J., &; Liang, R. D. (2010). The relationship between white-water rafting experience formation and customer reaction: a flow theory perspective. Tourism Management, 32(2), 317-325.
Zuckerman, M. (1994). Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking. NY: Cambridge University Press.
Zuckerman, M. (1994). Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking. New York: Cambridge University Press.