一、中文文獻
1.Vygotsky, L. S. 著，李維譯 (1998)。思維與語言。台北: 桂冠圖書公司。
2.李希奇 (2011)。對外華語文教學與師資培育之研究。台北: 新學林股份有限公司。
3.江惜美 (2007)。華語教學現況與省思。2007多元文化與族群和諧國際學術研討會，台北市。取自: http://r9.ntue.edu.tw/activity/multiculture_conference/file/2/3.pdf
4.林永和 (2009)。情境學習與教學研究。台北：國立編譯館。
5.林志勇 (2006)。認識虛擬實境。台北：全華出版社。
6.林政宏 (1997)。深入虛擬實境VR。台北：?翇葚穈T。
7.高敬文 (1988)。「質的研究派典」之理論分析與實際應用。屏東：東益。
8.信世昌 (2001)。華語文閱讀策略之教程開發與研究。台北：師大書苑。
9.計惠卿 (2005)。華語文數位教材之內涵與互動設計研析。第四屆全球華文網路教育研討會，台北市。取自http://edu.ocac.gov.tw/icice2005/ICICE2005/html/paper03.htm
10.張一番、胡寶鳳、劉曉芳 (1999)。中文網路教學系統與華僑教育。行政院科技顧問組研究計畫報告。中央研究院。取自
http://www.sinica.edu.tw/~cdp/project/02/6_1.htm。
11.張春興（1997）。教育心理學----三化取向的理論與實踐。台北：東華。
12.張國恩 (2008)。數位典藏與數位學習國家型科技計畫-語文數位教學計畫研究成果報告。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫。取自http://ir.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/retrieve/21275/metadata_0111004_04_010.pdf。
13.陳年興、楊錦潭 (2006)。數位學習理論與實務。台北:博碩文化股份有限公司。
14.湯梓辰（2010）。團體動力學在教學行動研究之應用探究。《教育研究與發展期刊》 第六卷一期 師資培育，145-172。
15.湯梓辰（2012）。華語文數位教材內容現況分析。《教育人力與專業發展》第29卷第3期，67-82。
16.蔡永強&侯穎 (2010)。〈問題與思路：華語文教材之練習設計的多維考量〉，《華語 文教學研究》，第 7 卷第 3 期，75-108。
17.賴舒庭（2010）。國際化下美國的華語文教學—我學我教我思。台灣教育，663，12-19。
18.資策會教育訓練處講師群(2003)。數位學習最佳指引。財團法人資訊進會教育訓練書。
19.楊振富譯 (2002)。學習型學校。台北: 天下遠見。原著: Senge，P. et al.(2000). School that learn: a fifth discipline fieldbook for educations, parents, and everyone who cares about education. New York: DoubleDay.
20.鄭晉昌 (1993)。電腦輔助學習的新教學設計觀-認知學徒制。教育資料與圖書館學，第31卷1期，55-66。
21.蕭惠雅 (2011)。運用3D虛擬實境重現日治時代媽宮城- 以昭和11年 (1936) 微例。國立台北教育大學教育學院社會與區務發展學系碩士論文。

二、英文文獻
1.Abercrombie, N, & Longhurst, B. (1998). Audience: A sociological theory of performance and imagination. London: Sage.
2.Andreas, K., Tsiatsos, T. & Terzidou, T. & Pomportsis, A. (2010) Fostering collaborative learning in Second Life: Metaphors and affordances. Computers and Education, 55, 603-615.
3.Bachman, L. F. (1990). Fundamental Consideration in Language Testing. Oxford: Oxford University.
4.Bloom, L. (1978). Reading in language development. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
5.Bloom, L., & Lahey, M. (1978). Language development and language disorders. New York: Wiley.
6.Bodrova, E., & Leong, D. J. (1996). Tools of the Mind: The Vygotskian approach to early childhood education. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Merrill.
7.Brodbeck A. J, Irwin O.C. (1946). The speech behavior of infants without families. Child Development 17: 145–156.
8.Brown, J. S., Collins, A., & Duguid, P. (1989).Situated cognition and the cultural of learning. Educational Researcher, 18(1), 32-42.
9.Brown D. H. (2007). Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, 5th edition. Pearson Education.
10.Burdea, G. (1993). Virtual reality systems and application. Electro 93 International Conference, NJ.
11.Burdea, G. & Coiffet, P. (1994). Virtual Reality Technology. New York, NY: Wiley-Interscience.
12.Canale, M. & Swain, M. (1980). Theoretical Bases of Communicative Approaches to Second Language Teaching and Testing. Applied Linguistic, 1(1), 1-47.
13.Corey, S. M. (1953). Action Research to improve school practices. New York: Teachers College Press.
14.Chomsky (1993). Language and Thought. Wakefield, RI: Moyer Ball.
15.Comelles, E., Laso, N. J., Forcadell, M., Castañom, E., Feijóo, S & Verdaguer, I.(2013). Using online databases in the linguistics classroom: dealing with clause patterns. Computer Assisted Language Learning Journal, 26(3), 282-294.
16.Cook, V. (1993). Linguistics and second language acquisition. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
17.Dezin, N. & Lincoln, Y.S. (2005). The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research (3rd ed). London: Sage.
18.Dewey, J. (1980). Art as experience. New York: Perigee Books.
19.Dewey, J. (1937). Intelligence in the modern world John Dewey’s philosophy. New York: The Modern Library.
20.Erickson, F. (1986). Qualitative methods in research on teaching. In M. C. Wittrock, (1986). The handbook of research on teaching. New York: Macmillan, 119-161.
21.Eisner, E. W. (1994) Cognition and curriculum reconsidered, 2nd edition, New York: Teachers College Press.
22.Eisner, E. W. (1998) The enlightened eye : qualitative inquiry and the enhancement of educational practice. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Merrill, 1998.
23.Ernest, P., Catasús, M. G., Hampel, R., Heiser, S. Hopkins, J., Murphy, L. & Stickler, U.(2013). Online teacher development: collaborating in a virtual learning environment. Computer Assisted Language Learning Journal, 26(4), 311-333.
24.Gallagher, J. J. (1991). Interpretive research in science education. Manhattan, KS: Kansas State University
25.Graddol, D. (2004). The future of language. Science, 303, 1329–1331.
26.Grundy, S. (1982). Three Modes Of Action Research. As cited in Kemmis, S. and McTaggert, R. (eds) (1988). The Action Research Reader (3rd ed). Geelong: Deakin University Press
27.Hagel III, J. & Armstrong, A. G. (1996). Net gain: Expanding markets through virtual communities. MA: Harvard Business School Press.
28.Halliday, M. A. K. (1977). Learning how to mean: Explorations in the development of language. NY: Elsevier.
29.Halliday, M. A. K. (1978). Language as social semiotic. London: Edward Arnold.
30.Halliday, M. A. K., & Hansan, R. (1985). Language, context, and text: aspects of language in a social-semiotic perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
31.Ho, C. M. L, Nelson, M. E, & Mueller-Witting, W (2011) Design and implementation of a student-generated virtual museum in a language curriculum to enhance collaborative multimodal meaning-making. Computer & Education, 57, 1083-1097.
32.Hymes, D. (1972). On communicative competence. In Pride & Holmes (eds). Sociolinguistic. UK: Penguin Press.
33.Keskitalo, T., Pyykkö, E., & Ruokamo, H. (2011). Exploring the Meaningful Learning of Students in Second Life. Educational Technology & Society, 14 (1), 16–26.
34.Kim S. Y & Merriam S. B. (2010). Situated Learning and Identity Development in a Korean Older Adults’ Computer Classroom. Adult Education Quarterly 60(5), 438-455.
35.Kim,H.Y.(2014). Learning opportunities in synchronous computer-mediated communication and face-to-face interaction. Computer Assisted Language Learning Journal, 27(1), 26-43.
36.Krashen, S.D. (1981). Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning. Oxford: Pergamon.
37.Krashen, S.D. (1985), The Input Hypothesis: Issues and Implications, New York: Longman
38.Krashen, S.D. (2003). Explorations in Language Acquisition and Use. Portsmouth: NH: Heinemann.,
39.Stephen Krashen's (2007). Stephen Krashen's Theory of Second Language Acquisition. Retrieved July 3, 2010 from http://www.sk.com.br/sk-krash.html
40.Jauregi Ondarra, M.K., Canto, S., Graaff, R. de, Koenraad, T. & Moonen, M.L.I.(2011)Verbal interaction in Second Life: Towards a pedagogic framework for task design. Computer Assisted Language Learning Journal, 24(1), 77-101.
41.Jones, S. (1995). Understanding community in the information age. Cybersociety: Computer-mediated-communication and community. Beverley Hills CA: Sage Publications, pp. 10–35.
42.Latta, J. N. (1991). When Will Reality Meet the Marketplace? Virtual Reality' 91,
43.The Second Annual Conference, pp. 109-141, San Francisco, September 23-25, 1991.
44.Lave, J. & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning legitimate peripheral participation. NY: Cambridge University Press.
45.Lee, C (1973). Models in Planning: An Introduction to the Use of Quantitative Models in Planning. New York: Pergamon Press.
46.Lewin, K. (1988). Group decision and social change. In Action research reader. Deakin University, pp47-62.
47.Liang, M.(2012). Foreign lucidity in online role-playing games. Computer Assisted Language Learning Journal, 25(5), 455-473.
48.Liou, H.(2012). The roles of Second Life in a college computer-assisted language learning(CALL) course in Taiwan, ROC. Computer Assisted Language Learning Journal, 25(4), 365-382.
49.MaTaggart R. (1997). Guiding Principles for Participatory Action Research. In R. McTaggart (ed.), Participatory action consequences, 25-43.
50.McNeill, D. (1966). Developmental psycholinguistics. In Smith & Miller.
51.Mitchell, R. & Myles, F. (1998). Second language learning theories. New York: Oxford University Press.
52.Neuman, S. N., & K. A. Roskos. (1993). Language and literacy learning in the early years: An integrated approach. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
53.Noffle, S (1997). Themes and tension in US action research: Towards historical analysis. In S. Hollingsworch (ed.) International Action Research. London: Falmer, 2-16.
54.Norman, M. (2006). Virtual reality, Ontology, and Value. Metaphilosophy, 37 (5), 673-690.
55.Nunan, D. (1991). Language teaching methodology. London: Prentice Hall International.
56.Orlikowski, W.J. and Baroudi, J.J (1991) Studying Information Technology in Organizations: Research Approaches and Assumptions, Information Systems Research, 2(1):1-8.
57.Park, M. R. & Floyd, K. (1996). Making friends in cyberspace. Journal of Computer Mediated Communitation, 1 (4). Available Online: http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol1/issue4/parks.html.
58.Piaget, J. (1972). The principles of genetic epistemology. New York: Basic Books.
59.Rheingold, H. (1993). Cold knowledge and social warmth. Newsweek, 122(1), 49.
60.Richards, J. C. & Rogers, T. S. (1986). Approaches and methods in language teaching: A description and analysis. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
61.Roed, J. (2003) Language learner Behavior in Virtual Environment . CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning Journal), 16(2-3), 155-172.
62.Schön, D (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. New York: Basic Books.
63.Schön, D (1987). Educating the Reflective Practitioner. Jossey-Bass: San Francisco.
64.Sheridan, T. B. (1991). Musing on Telepresence and Virtual presence, Conference on Virtual Reality, pp 55-66, Menlo Park, CA.
65.Shih Y. C., & Yang M. T. (2008). A Collaborative Virtual environment for Situated language learning Using VEC3D. Educational Technology & Society, 11(1), 56-68.
66.Skinner, B, F. (1938). Behavior of Organisms: an experimental analysis. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
67.Skinner, B, F. (1957). Verbal Behaviour. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
68.Slobin, D. I., & Welsh, C. A. (1973). Elicited imitation as a research tool in developmental psycholinguistics. Studies in child language development. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston Inc, 485–497.
69.Stoffel, P. R. (1987). Which service is best for your community? Update on 911. Telephone Engineer & Management, 91(24), 51-56.
70.Suchman, L. (1987). Plans and Situated Actions. In The Problem of Human-Machine Communication. New York: Cambridge University Press.
71.Suchman, L. (1993). Response to Vera and Simon’s situated action: A symbolic interaction. Cognitive Science, 17(1), 71-75.
72.Tang, J.T., Lan, Y.J, Chang, K.E (2012). The influence of an online virtual situated environment on a Chinese learning community. Knowledge Management & E-Learning: An International Journal (KM&EL), 37-50.
73.Tang, J.T., Sung, Y.T, Chang, K.E (2015). Action research on the development of Chinese communication in a virtual community, Computer Assisted Language Learning (SSCI) (accepted).
74.The Modern Language Association Language. (N.D). Online Available at http://www.mla.org/resources/census_main
75.Toetenel, L.(2014). Social networking: a collaborative open educational resource. Computer Assisted Language Learning Journal, 27(2),149-162.
76.Vygotsky L. ( 1978 ). Mind in society : The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA : Harvard UP.
77.Vygotsky, L. S. ( 1986 ). Thought and Language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
78.Wang, C. X., Song, H., Stone, E. D., & Yan, Q. (2009). Integrating Second Life into an EFL program in China: Research Collaboration Across Continents. Techtrends 53(6), 14-19.
79.Watson, J. B. (1913). Psychology as the behaviorist views it. Psychological Review 20: 158-177.
80.Walther, J. B. & Burgoon, J. K. (1992). Relational communication in computer-mediated interaction. Human Communication Research, 19. 50-88.
81.Wenger, E. (1998). Communities of practice: Learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University.
82.Wenger, E., McDermott, R., & Snyder, W. M. (2002). Cultivating communities of practice: A guide to managing knowledge. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School.
83.Wenger, E. (2004). Communities of practice: A brief introduction. Retrieved 2012/07/30, from http://www.ewemger.com/theory.communities_of_practice_intro.htm.
84.Zeichner, K. & Nofflke, S. (2001). Practitioner research. Handbook of Research on Teaching (4th ed., 298-332). AERA: Washington, D.C.
85.Zhang, X .& Chan, T. (2003). Two in One: Recognizing Dialect Expressions and Translating Them into the Lingua Franca. Computer Assisted Language Learning, Vol. 16, No4., pp367-382.