This is a succinct introduction about the content, important, as well as domestic and foreign studies about ”ultimate cause.” Regarding the interpretations of the two terms, ”cause” and ”ultimate cause,” the first one who discussed the ultimate cause (prota aitia, 981b28-29, 994a16-20) in a revealing way is Aristotle in Book I and Book II of his Metaphysics. Originally, the term could also be translated as the ”first cause; ” yet Book Ⅱ, Metaphysics stresses that it's impossible to trace infinitely to infinite causes. ”There would never be any causes without the first cause” (994a19-20), and the term was then bestowed with the meaning of ultimate. Besides, Book Ⅴ, Metaphysics contains a detailed analysis about four ”causes.” On the other hand, Chinese philosophy seems to refrain from discussing the ultimate cause so overtly. Yet quite a few concepts from the ancient texts-such as Heaven, God, Taichi, Dao, Li, and Chi-actually are somewhat concerned with this issue. In this paper, we first make efforts comparing Aristotle and the succeeding philosophers' related discussion in this respect with the discussion found in Chinese philosophy; then we will assimilate some thoughts from both sides. Many people assume that the doctrine of the immanent ultimate cause is central to Chinese philosophy while the transcendental ultimate cause is something alien. In this article, it's to be pointed that these two doctrines are what both Chinese and western philosophies have in common. One of the doctrines is to see the ultimate cause as something transcendental to the universe, like God in Jewish, Christian, and Islamic philosophies, Idea in Plato's thought, Aristotle's ”thinking of/about thinking” (noesis noeseos), the One in Neo-Platonism, Heaven or God to the ancient Chinese, Dao in Daoism, and Taichi in Yi-Zhuan, etc. Regarding the other doctrine, the ancient Greeks' four elements and atoms, Spinoza's ”God as Nature,” Hegel's seeing all as the evolution of ideas, Engel’s dialectical materialism, all these see the ultimate cause as something immanent to the universe. Ju Xi's doctrine about Li and Qi as well as Lu Xiang-shan's ”the universe as my heart and my heart as the universe” in the Song Dynasty, and Wang Yang-ming's ”my mind as the ruler of heaven and earth, gods and ghosts” are all possessed with the implications of the immanent ultimate cause. We assimilate the Christian idea of God with the ancient Chinese idea of God and the Daoist and Confucian idea of ”Dao, while we harmonize the some other Chinese and western philosophical thoughts. In the conclusion, we interpret both ”assimilation” and ”harmonization” in a brand new way.